Understanding the Role of AFP and Military Professionalism in Connection to Martial Law

Laws, Rules, and Regulations are a thing that keeps a community, a city, or even a country in order. But with that sometimes comes some misunderstanding about its primary functions or its purpose as to how it was created in the first place. And that includes the bad perceptions that associate with unjust violence and maltreatment where it gives the martial law a bad eye in some people. Hence, its image shall get right.

OVERVIEW

The Martial Law back in the 70s gives a bad taste among
several Filipinos, leading to this. Source

The stigma of the Marcos-era Martial Law gets into the hearts and minds of each and every Filipino with various experiences and insights about it. Some may say it is as harsh wherein torture, injustices, and Human Rights Violations have taken place. Others may say that implementing it was the best thing a president would do that it coincides a peace of mind from petty criminals attempting to do heinous acts. 

Honest to goodness taken from the viewpoint of somebody raised and lived in the Western Part of Mindanao which is under Martial Law, its implementation is just as normal as it really is to be. To take some note, this is based on experience which takes place at present which is still in effect not until Marawi City gets flushed from bad elements. This is a far cry from the so-called atrocities as what the militant groups keep on reiterating throughout the protests they conduct in connections with Martial Law.

But this was just some insights taken from the people which go common on their stance with given variations of perspective. We are simply looking at the surface about the main interpretation of Martial Law which is within the understanding of an average person and their viewpoints of it. It is worthy to know more about the functions of the armed forces as well as the legal interpretations of Martial Law to understand its workings.

THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
Embed from Getty Images


The 1987 constitution, after all of the so-called atrocities taken place under the "previous regime" of Marcos administration, is still stipulating the terms with regards to martial law. To know it further, it is situated on Article VII Sec. 18 of the constitution and it goes on as follows:

The President as Commander in Chief can place the Philippines or any part of it under martial law or suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus “in case of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it”

In this case, it can be seen as a necessity for it to get implemented for the aim of getting things in order as well as for the protection of the citizens from further harm that can be caused by sheer violence made by a local rebel force or a foreign power invading the homeland. This is some sort of emergency to put innocent lives out of harm's way in case a situation such as a battle conflict gets worse that it may incur casualties.

But, take note of this: The powers vested by the president in declaring martial law is limited where the rest lies to the legislative body like the congress to shorten or to lengthen the declaration. Add to that in this martial law, the civilian government still functions as it is as well as the local judicial courts. The only thing here is that there will be more checkpoints for inspection, soldiers deployed across the community, and people involved in rebellion getting arrested and gets freed if not judicially charged within three days. Obtained from Inquirer.net

Given the limits provided by the constitution, this is a martial law that doesn't equate to dictatorship as what protesters suggest given that checks and balances are all provided just to prevent any abuse of power such as this one as well as to mark out any possibility of injustices made throughout the process. And to understand it further, we shall learn about the role of the AFP as one who implements Martial Law.

AFP AND PROFESSIONALISM

More protests against Martial Law where it divides
the masses.

In a news report provided by GMA News about the martial law still taking place in Mindanao, it is ascertained that the AFP will do its job implementing it without doing any human rights violations as well as to keep their actions within the scope of the law, in particular, the 1987 constitution whereas mentioned earlier, judicial courts still functions and the citizens can report for any violable actions taken place.

Taking this through personal accounts, there are no reports of any violations taking place only except for checkpoints where showing Valid I.Ds as a necessity as well as the ever-increased visibility of soldiers downtown which is a no-surprise considering that it is a usual thing taking place in Mindanao. This validates a little bit further that the AFP is keen on its actions carefully which in itself is a welcoming thing to say.

Concerning Professionalism prevailing within the Armed Forces of the Philippines, it is worthy to know how it started and get evolved as time passes by. Taking this Thesis by Mr. Manuel Carlos of the Naval Postgraduate School in the United States about military professionalism (See PDF file here), The era of the Philippine colonial period under the United States influence and shaping the professionalist stance of the military until the present day. 

But there are periods in history that as provided in the thesis paper, give into account the times that military professionalism is in the crisis brought by the turbulent situation taking place in the country. Just for instance the martial law period in the 1970s under the Marcos regime where the Armed Forces get politicized due to the appointment of officers that are related or more loyal to the administration which resulted in de-professionalization of the military as it is primed more on authoritarian rule rather than its intended mandate to protect the country and its citizens. 

This kind of power gives the chills of those abused where their voices still echoing at present where the bad stigma of Martial Law prevails all thanks to the so-called authoritarian rule.

Taken to the context since the 1986 revolution, the Armed Forces of today is more professionalized than it was 30 years ago when a new civilian government under the first Aquino administration replaced the Marcos regime. 

The military professionalism, in this case, gets improved from the struggles made back then where military coups initiated by the Reform the Armed Forces (RAM) are prevalent which it shows the fragmented structure of the organization which by context a sad state that the first Aquino administration somehow overcome where reforms like having Philippine Constabulary integrated to what is become the civilian-controlled Philippine National Police and reforms that make the Armed Forces become at the present day.

With the lessons of the past, it may be worthy to say that many things can be learned out from the 1970s era of Martial Law where present constitutional parameters are put in place to prevent it from happening again. Add to that, the Armed Forces may be taken the lesson of the past which gives uttermost significance about military professionalism which at present still prevails. Hence, even with these things are in their respective place, it is still good as a citizen of this beloved country to keep vigilant about it where injustices and abuses still take place today.

AN OPINION FROM A CITIZEN FROM MINDANAO

Martial law is intended to protect society
from rebellion, invasion and any lawless
elements it coincides.

Here comes the account of yours truly who lived under the shadows of Martial Law in connection to the on-going conflict in Marawi City.

Life simply goes on as normal. There are no reports of any atrocities except for the number of checkpoints and visibility of the troops in the city. Add to that the numerous fly-by of military helicopters in the sky which is normal in that sense.

The feeling of being safe is there but with it comes the number of threats, sightings, and rumors where bandits in Marawi may spread across other cities. In the mind, it goes as one of the reasons why Martial Law is in effect across the island which is to prevent the violence to spread out and to simply contain it in one place like Marawi. 

The military is so far doing its job well retaking the city from the terrorists which they affiliate themselves to the Islamic State adhere to the Middle East. The military professionalism stance is showcased well where operations don't include various injustices and instead opted more to take the City back to normal where its citizens can live peacefully.

So, there is no surprise why people from Mindanao support the implementation of Martial Law where it is far from the atrocities made in the 70s. Peaceful lives prevail and the civilian government still functions as intended. However, with the stigma still echoing around, the protest continues with the essence of paranoia that atrocities may happen again. To take it to note, it is better to understand for a fact that the military of today is different from those in the past as well as that the constitutional safeguards that there will be no abuse of power.

BOTTOMLINE

A soldier has the mandate to protect his country from rebellion
and foreign invasion. And that is worthy to emphasize. Photo Source

The Armed Forces of the Philippines have one mandate which is worthy to emphasize. It is to defend the country and its constitution. To take note, Article XVI of the General Provisions of the 1987 Constitution outlines the role of the military especially Section 5 which is about defending the constitution and preservation of military professionalism by insulating the Armed Forces from partisan politics.

Simply speaking, there is only little to worry about the atrocities given the details aforementioned in this article. The Armed Forces are in line with the constitution and are practicing military professionalism based on the given provisions. This is something worth taking note of now, especially that several people have little idea about Martial Law, its provisions nor the roles taken by the military about it. Hence, every citizen deserves to know about it lest not to be simply gone ignorant about the provisions and parameters about it.

The soldiers have taken the oath which is for the country and its citizens. They are the ones willing to sacrifice their own lives for the country's survival, sustainability, and stability as well as to preserve law and order and the written constitution which defines the standpoint of the nation. The atrocities of the past may never be forgotten, but take note that today's situation is different from the past taking along the mistakes that have made and the lessons taken from it.

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Faring the Airbus Military Helicopter Offer to the Philippine Government

The Armed Forces of the Philippines, as well as other agencies, are opting for additional helicopters whether it may be for utility use or as light attack gunship, where Airbus recently offers its products. With regard to the offer, one may ask: "How will this fare with the ones the military obtains, especially of those in Philippine Air Force inventory?"

INTRODUCTION

Airbus H-135 Attack Helicopter, a military equivalent of
EC-135 helicopter.
For Reference Only. Source: Airbus Helicopters

The Philippine Government through its Defense Department which its scope includes the Armed Forces of the Philippines are opting to procure helicopters which are considered useful in conflicts especially the one that is recently happening in Mindanao where the battle in Marawi is slowly coming to its end as the ground troops are on its final push and military assets being used thoroughly

In line with this, there comes the possibility that additional AW-109s from Leonardo may not happen soon given the shortcoming of its capabilities in a sense where, coincidentally speaking, coincides with this report obtained from GMA News which came just several hours after a certain defense outlet posts about the AW-109s. The said report pertains to the offer given by Airbus Helicopters for the AFP and agencies like the PCG of helicopters like the H-145s and H-135s fitted for light attack configuration. This may be just as promising to obtain, but various matters are needed to clarify to fare these helicopters out in terms of performance and other technicalities with the ones AFP obtains such as the Bell 412s and AW-109s Philippine Air Force presently obtain.

Assessing the offer will aim to understand as to the feasibility of it as well as to give insights into whether it will be good to procure or not. Just as so, the points given will be stated with facts and references from various reputable sources to give a clear image as well as the potential approaches that will take on the offer.

THE OFFER

It is the larger H-145 helicopter and the H-135s
that are being offered to the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Source

The offer given by the Airbus Helicopters is primarily focused on covering the requirements of having helicopters by the Armed Forces through the Philippine Navy and Air Force as well as notable agencies like the Philippine Coast Guard. Hence, the said helicopters being offered by Airbus are the H-135 and H-145 military helicopters. The details of the said helicopters are given below.

H-145M
More information is provided for this link.

According to Airbus, the H-145M is a military equivalent of multi-role EC-145 which can be opted either as a light attack gunship or a light combat utility helicopter where according to the requirements given by the Department of National Defense (DND), the Philippine Air Force is opting for helicopters having such roles.

Aside from the things pointed out, it can also opt for special operations, surveillance, intelligence gathering as well as for Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response or HADR in the event of any calamities that are ravaging the country. To add it up further, this, if procured, may help the nation in its maritime security and operations where it can be used for ship replenishment, maritime counter-terrorism, and search and rescue operations. Taking up notes, it is known that the Philippine Coast Guard is seeking more helicopters for such purposes especially in terms of rescue operation should any vessel at sea within Philippine Territory is in distress. If the deal is at any doubt given the chances where the offer is accepted presumably, then it may complement the existing MBB Bo-105 PCG obtains. Also unto that, this helicopter, being the one offered, is also considered by the Philippine Air Force aside from additional AW-109s and MD-900 Explorer series according to this recent report.

Being the prime helicopter that Airbus markets to the Philippine Government, it goes with the hopes that this offer will be grabbed upon where the H-145M obtains the capabilities it possesses. It may be the government's call to accept the offer or not, but lest to say, it can get to any mission an archipelagic nation like the Philippines needs for a helicopter. More unto this, there is another helicopter in Airbus where it is the H-145M minus 10 in designation, it is just as promising as this rotary-blade aircraft.

H-135M
More information is provided for this link.

Just like the H-145M, this helicopter is capable of Combat Utility Helicopter. However, its capability may not be as sufficient as H-145M as a light attack helicopter where its firepower may appropriate more for armed scout or ground support operations just like Philippine Air Force's MD-520 or the U.S. MD-530 Scout Attack Helicopter.

If given the role as either a Combat Utility Helicopter or as an armed scout one, it may be redundant where the Philippine Air Force already obtains MD-520s/AW-109s and Bell 412s that are doing such roles respectively. Add to that, it is capable of Medical and Casualty Evacuation which is usually what air ambulance do just in the case of Philippine Air Force's Sikorsky S-76 and PZL Sokol Helicopters where it may come in handy in the case of Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response matters just like pulling casualties and injured troops out of the battlefield.

With the requirements of the Philippine Government seeking more helicopters, Airbus without a doubt is showcasing these offers as it would mean a better deal that will benefit both sides. Notwithstanding, as being mentioned here before, it is at best for the parties involved especially the end user to assess it which will make the best decisions there is for the best outcome which clearly enhances the existing capabilities of the armed forces and other agencies.

Aside from this, this helicopter will be less likely to be the one offer where the H-145M is the one that is presently marketed by the company. These in which, remain to be seen as there are sudden changes that may happen as time goes by.

THE CHALLENGERS

Bell 412. From Getty Images.

Knowing the helicopters Airbus offer and the capabilities it can promise to give such as in the case of the Philippines is only one thing. In this matter, it is worthy to consider that there are several workhorses within the Philippine Air Force which may serve as an obstacle whereby nature, decreasing the chance of grabbing up this offer so as to highlight the streamlining of spare logistics and interoperability, among others.

As an attack helicopter
Leonardo (Formerly AugustaWestland) AW-109e Power
See Details from Manufacturer here. Philippine-related details can be seen here.

One thing that needs to be considered with regards to the challenge Airbus Helicopter can encounter is this helicopter gunship procured four years ago from another helicopter company AugustaWestland which is now presently called Leonardo Helicopters.

Awarded October 2013, the Philippine Air Force successfully procured 8 units of these said helicopters which were all considered as attack helicopters as far as the air force is concerned. These things, however, do not dismiss the fact that these units, primarily designed as multi-purpose civilian design much like what Airbus offered, cannot sustain heavy gunfire unlike its fully-fledged counterparts but it is still sufficient enough to do its job against insurgent groups like in Marawi City. To add it up, there is actually the bit armored military version of such helicopter which is the AW-109 LUH which is also a bit more expensive and heavier.

Giving the details further with regards to the additional Attack Helicopter Project, Leonardo may still opt to push this helicopter aside from Airbus and McDonnell Douglas MD 901 Explorer. The expected budget cost that can be given in this project will be at around 11.8 billion pesos to 12.3 billion depending on the details that will come up months from now.

The bid opening for this project presents the opportunity for both Airbus and Leonardo where the offers can be fared up as to which suppliers, together of those with McDonnell Douglas, bags the deal. 

McDonnell Douglas MD-900/901/902 Explorer
The civilian version and its details (for 902) can be seen here.

It goes with some surprise so this helicopter is considered by the Philippine Air Force considering that as per research, this aircraft has primarily opted for civilian purposes. Not to dig in further, it is worth to wait until the first bid opening is out so as to understand further about this offer. To take note, this is the same supplier that made the MD-520s Philippine Air Force also obtains. This thing remains to be seen and updates will be made once it is on the roll.

As a utility helicopter

The Airbus Helicopters may have a helicopter offer where it may include the capability of having as a combat utility, but this is something worth pondering with regards to this portion that pertains to a troop transport.

To take some notes, the Philippine Air Force is inching closer to have a deal with Canadian Commercial Corp or CCC with regards to additional Combat Utility Helicopters such as the Bell 412s which will be done through a Government-to-Government deal or G2G.

Several Bell 412s are already in service with the Philippine Air Force as well as its Presidential Aircraft Wing which serves as a transport for the President. Additional units of the same aircraft will increase the transport capabilities of the air force as well as streamlining spare parts stash that will make it an ideal workforce aside from UH-1 Hueys.

Despite this thing, Airbus still has the chance especially on the attack helicopter procurement deal which there is the potential that they will bag the contract if they are up to the specifications, terms, and the laws the procurement program specifies. 

THE H-FORCE WEAPONS SYSTEM

Inline to the product Airbus Helicopters offered to the Philippine Air Force, they recently reported that pertains to the marketed H-145M's first flight with HForce Generic Weapons System which it can sweeten up the offer a bit as this system may mean improving its capabilities even further.

This development comes from Airbus' experience in Tiger Attack Helicopters where, these systems come with the integration of any kind of weapons such as air-to-air, air-to-ground, ballistic or guided rounds wherein to be specific, the HForce consists of one central “core” unit which can be used regardless of the aircraft type, monocular HMSD and EOS, gunner armament grips and weapon pods that can choose either ballistic such as cannons, machine guns, and rocket or missiles. These things though are helpful for internal operations against counterinsurgencies where this system is flexible to have weapons as a choice in a given mission and its nature which, increases helicopters like H-145's adaptability if it is given a task that enforces the mandate of defense. With regards to weapons, here are the operational spectrum the HForce Weapons System covers:

Air-to-ground
- Tanks, armored vehicles, troops, fire support to troops in contact

Air-to-air
- Aircraft, drones, attack helicopters

Air-to-surface
- Maritime counter-terrorism and counter-piracy speedboats

Ballistic:
- Cannon 20mm

- Machine gun 12.7mm

- Rocket 68 and 70mm

Guided:
- Laser-guided rocket

- Air-to-ground missile

- Air-to-air missile

This increase in comprehensive weapons capability is something Airbus can offer together with its helicopter unit like the H-145M where the Philippine Government may consider in its attack helicopter requirement through upcoming bidding together with other suppliers aforementioned. This opportunity is for them like any other supplier to prove and to supplement equipment that is up to the specifications given that satisfies the end user like the Philippine Air Force.

CONCLUSION AND HEADS UP

With the offer Airbus Helicopters give for end users like the Philippine Air Force, it is somewhat promising now that the products they offer become much capable as it gets integrated with its comprehensive, reflexive weapons system that enhances the adaptability of these helicopters. 

What remains to be seen is whether it can make it along the way depending on its offer, the specifications given as well as the offers given by other suppliers. It is still uncertain at present though, but with the offer Airbus Helicopters give, it is a welcoming thing to see where a supplier is willing to supply the needs of the local Philippine Market where it may benefit all of those involved especially the end-user. These will all up to the planners with regards to the assessment of these units.

The main point is that this offer goes the promising capabilities it offers which enhances the military's mandate of protecting the nation should this helicopter is considered or those of other suppliers. All of these in which goes to aim that it will increase firepower that requires in needing close air support for the troops on the ground. These in which are part of the Modernization program that keeps on rolling at present with the second horizon coming from the distance, signifying a bright future up ahead.

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The Infeasibility and Non-Ideal Use of A-10 Warthogs if Operated by PAF

Having a close air support aircraft like A-10 Thunderbolt that a respective country has is something a fanboy is imagining about, only considering its sheer firepower and setting aside other technical areas which are important as well. Here, though, each reader needs to understand the factors that predetermine the feasibility of an aircraft within an armed force through parameters that will give clarification, as well as some harsh truths for the fans wherein it comes to the analytical knowledge that is primarily needed in defense avenues (with references as well).

(Pitz Defense Analysis Note: This article is to provide a trickle knowledge for a reader who has a little idea about defense technicalities, and to get an idea, or to be enlightened for a bit, where the information given out serves as a guide for any interested in defense to understand the concepts which help people to engage in every discussion with the right mind and knowledge. It goes on with this adage: "Read more, post less")

OVERVIEW

A-10 Thunderbolt II. Something that a fanboy dreams about. Source.

A-10 Thunderbolt, also known as the Warthog, is a U.S. Close Air Support aircraft which is a jet-powered, versatile aircraft with GAU-8 Avenger Gatling gun as its main weapon (also used in Goalkeeper CIWS) alongside air-to-surface missiles like AGM-65 Maverick missiles.

It entered service in 1972, and they produced around 713 units of this aircraft. It saw action in Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and recently in Syria, which gives its combat performance into test in actual scenarios. Through the years, operating A-10s are becoming a financial burden for the U.S. Air Force that is presently opting for light aircraft such as A-29 Super Tucano which at present is still at the post-qualification phase in the Philippines' Close Air Support Aircraft procurement program. The scenario alone within the U.S. Air Force is simply the tip of the iceberg regarding the aircraft's ever-growing infeasibility in operating it. 

Going on, misinformation, as well as the fanaticism of having A-10s for the Philippine Air Force, is getting stronger, wherein it, sad to say, involves a mainstream media outlet that makes a mistake regarding having it as "wish-listed". Other sophisticated weapons are also wish-listed by many uninformed fanboys for the AFP, which, because of the numbers, we cannot mention them all. Here, the so-called "wish-listing" of having A-10 Warthog becomes much worse back then wherein it screws up people's minds, especially the ones who have a little idea about defense issues and the gullible ones.

This infographic from PDI shows the aircraft's PAF gets concerning the Marawi crisis sorties. There is one mistake there.

The sheer intensity of misinformation among the people who have a first peek at the said infographic is great which definitely fuels the orgasm of those who are interested in such an aircraft but don't have an idea about the technicalities and factors that prevent the armed forces into obtaining the Warthog. To get things clearer, the armed forces themselves aren't interested in gaining it considering that there are better alternatives that also enhance the capabilities regarding close air support operations such as the Super Tucano aircraft. Matters such as these need to get clarified for us to understand things further regarding close air support.

We based the information and thoughts about this matter out on references given, as well as having an informative viewpoint that can provide out from such references. Also, it is for each reader to understand the concepts regarding the considerations needed for procuring military equipment.

REASONS AND FACTORS ON A-10 INFEASIBILITY

Textron Airland Scorpion jet. It is just one out of many candidates showcased for the Fairchild A-10 Warthog replacement program in the U.S.

Here are some but the important factors regarding why A-10 Warthogs are infeasible and not ideal for an air force, such as those for the Philippine Air Force. In this manner, it is worthy to take these notes up to understand. Notwithstanding, this is to debunk the minds that "having a popular aircraft" in mind does not mean it is ideal for an air force to have...

1. Cost of the procurement and airframe life. Buying the Warthogs alone isn't that expensive, which will not eat the portion of the defense budget, which there will be no more left for other projects to have (unless if it is on operating costs). To be specific, check its general characteristics as got from the U.S. Air Force page below.

Click larger for clearer details. 

Given the details, the cost per unit is at an estimated cost of around US$18.8 million. To take note, this is as per September 2015, where, if based on the September 2015 exchange rates, it is at around Php841,235,400.00. Take note, the data provided isn't just based alone on price per unit considering that in any procurement contracts, factors such as warranty, freebies, add-ons, maintenance cost, inflation rate, and exchange rates can make such pricing higher or lower depending on the terms given in it. 

Here, though, the pricing at present will be higher than it is previously because of the factors like a depreciating peso which as per posting, it is at Php51.00 per US$1.00. Concerning its airframe, we expected it to get expanded so as the U.S.A. F overhauls its existing A-10s with its wing replacement program, which will delay its decommission until 2021. In it comes value-added attributes, and in it influence the price to increase if Boeing itself offers overhauled ones to the Philippines (in which it did).

It shall be not that bad considering the price where brand new FA-50PH fares at around Php1.6 Billion as per its contract and the provisions that are attached to it. However, the pricing isn't also the factor aside from the ones that are affecting it when considering "buying A-10s" that goes with the gleaming eyes of the fanboys. Things like logistics are also at play as well.

2. Logistics, Maintenance, and the Number of Users. This is another consideration for considering any kind of military equipment and not just the Fairchild A-10 Thunderbolt II. Given its number of users, alone is an obstacle where there is only a sole source of spare parts and any other amenities should an air force consider it, and with that comes the laws of the user country that are needed to comply. That branch of the United States military is the United States Air Force.

Being the sole user of the Thunderbolt Warthog, the United States is relying on its very own regarding its spare parts which comes with problems especially if it considers selling such jets to international users like the Philippines (IHS Janes reported it at one point saying that the congress might not agree to it). Here, there is at one time that Boeing, through the reports given by Air International Magazine, offers 12 overhauled former the United States Air Force A-10s with another 12 being spare parts hulks, coming at overall 24 units. See the article below.

Taken by the context of the Air International Magazine Article once again, it sounds promising wherein the deal Boeing offer for the Philippines is good of its own worth where aside from Warthogs being overhauled, it also comes with spare parts hulk for the jets to operate further considering the wear and tear that takes place on the jet's parts. 

But then again, it doesn't go with the guarantees considering the mere fact that the United States Air Force, in its worth is only the sole user of these jets and at present, they themselves opt for a more light Close Air Support Aircraft like the Super Tucano that the Philippine Air Force preferred and to be having soon. From there, it goes hand-in-hand to these two fundamental factors, which are the operating costs and the better alternatives that it coincides with.

3. Increasing and Unaffordable Operating Costs. This is the very main reason it is infeasible for the Philippine Air Force to get the aircraft with logistics, and procurement cost concerning airframe being its following attributes. 

Considerably, the United States Air Force is in fact considering decommissioning its inventory of said jets because of this very reason. Due also to this, the USAF almost decommissioned these out, but the legislators saved the Warthog from getting into the chopping block, with its airframe life extended further because of lobbying that counters such a proposal. 

Adding things up, this article from Foxtrot Alpha may explain the rationale regarding these considerations. Take note, what will consider as cost effective among the Americans may not be that cost-effective for the Filipinos given the disparity of the financial status these nations comprise. 

Just take the F-16 for instance, it may be cost-effective and battle-proven as well as being used by neighbors like Indonesia and Thailand, but is not ideal for the long term because of its airframe especially if it is a refurbished aircraft which DND soured a lot in its time way back 2012 as the FA-50 LIFT program is still at the negotiation stage. 

To have some oversight in operating cost, National Interest in its article gives a detail where the USAF gives figures that the Warthogs has an operating cost of estimated US$20,000 per hour which equates to around Php1,020,000 per hour given the approximate exchange rate as per posting. The cost is greater than OV-10s like the Philippine Air Force gets where it runs at an estimated US$1,000 per hour or only approximately Php 51,000 and further, the EMB-314/A-29 Super Tucano with an operating cost of approximately US$430 ~ US$500/hr or Php29,930 ~ Php25,500 as per posting's exchange rate.

The disparity of the cost between the Warthog and its predecessor is large wherein the Philippine Air Force at present is comfortable with the old OV-10 it presently gets that it is still effectively capable of doing its sorties in combat where they opt to look for its equivalent replacement such as A-29 Super Tucano.

4. Performance. The Warthog, throughout its history, proved itself in several theaters of combat, where its agility and survivability as what the U.S.A.F. is explicating goes to the extreme with favorable results.

Aside from the GAU-8 Avenger Main Gun that gives fanboys the chills, the Warthogs also carry various munitions to achieve its primary mission objectives. Munitions include AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles, Mk-82 bombs, Mk-84 bombs, AGM-65 Maverick, among others. 

Some side note, the FA-50s of the Philippine Air Force possess this capability of carrying such bombs, with the Maverick being the newest addition in its guided munitions arsenal. Not to mention that the Super Tucano Close Air Support Aircraft can carry these weapons as well. 

Add to these the considerations of having pilots trained to operate these aircraft which an obstacle where in Close Air Support Aircraft terms, PAF pilots honed their skills more on helicopters and slow, propeller-based aircraft like SF-260s and OV-10s. The Super Tucanos, meanwhile, may be the closest one there is to these aforementioned aircraft where the experience and skills of operating OV-10s and SF-260s can get applicable to the Super Tucano with minor adjustments in understanding its avionics.

Simply put, the OV-10s and A-29s may provide the same capabilities that the Warthog has at a cheaper operating cost per hour. Not to mention that the Philippines, being an archipelago, doesn't have any internal adversaries that get armored units, which the Warthog designs for in-part. With internal OPFOR units being comprised men, as well as these parties, don't have anti-air capabilities, having OV-10s at present or A-29s for some time may suffice the needs.

5. Alternatives. Given the sour F-16 deal, it might as well go hand-in-hand with the overhauled A-10s wherein like the deal back 2012, the Defense Department sees for a better alternative which settles for FA-50s which shares several attributes with the F-16 considering that the Korean Aerospace Industries (KAI) helped manufacture these indigenous light jets with the help of Lockheed Martin. 

Brazilian Air Force EMB-314 Super Tucano. Credits to its owner.

Many alternatives are there in the market that also caters to Close Air Support Aircraft that the Philippine Air Force can choose from for its program to enhance its COIN or Counter-Insurgency Operations like those presently taking place in Marawi. One of the said aircraft is the Embraer A-29 Super Tucano, which won the Philippine Close Air Support Aircraft bid and is present at the post-qualification stage. That is aside from the active units of OV-10s, which already proves its worth through the years within the Philippine Air Force. 

These planes are more ideal for the Philippine Air Force to have than the Warthog, where its cost-effectiveness is essential to keep the operations going at the lowest cost possible in terms of maintenance as well as enhancing capabilities further where it gets the results intended. With OV-10 getting replaced eventually, the EMB-314, being used by Brazil and Indonesia, may get the fair share for PAF as soon as they will do a contract signing and if gets pushed through.

CONCLUSION

As much as fanatics may want it, the Defense Department has no plans of having it. Photo Source.

With good aircraft in the market like the EMB-314 Super Tucano and the points given above, having A-10s is not viable for the Philippine Air Force in both the short and long terms.

These near 40-year-old aircraft, just like the second-hand F-16 deal way back in 2012, are nearing its life where the United States Air Force is planning to ax it in favor to either the F-35s entering the service or candidates such as the AT-9 Texan or the Super Tucano that the Philippine Air Force may have later on. 

Given these circumstances, with the threat of terrorism in the country, having A-10s is a bit of an expensive gambit which can equatable to an overkill if used where operational costs and maintenance gives a headache for the decision-makers considering that aside from the enemies not having anti-air capabilities, the Warthog's jet-powered engines are not well-verse in local areas which the Turboprop OV-10 gains a lot. Not to mention that the pilots can adapt better to Super Tucano than the Warthogs considering that the former, being a turboprop aircraft, is something that PAF pilots are familiar with because of the use of OV-10s. 

Speaking of China, it is better to leave that matter to the Multi-role fighters which will get gained in Second Horizon, and to the Navy which will have more assets later on with the frigates getting processed for construction in its way to active use by 2020.

Overall, the Warthogs are simply not ideal. Something clearly known that the Defense Department nor the Philippine Air Force doesn't ask about procuring this aircraft, whereas the EMB-314 Super Tucano has the chance of getting got. The bottom line is that the main point of these things is more of practicality, where pilot training, maintenance, operational costs, logistics, and airframe life do matter for the viability of the Air Force's capability.

(c) 2017 PDA, 2021 edition.

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State of the Nation Address 2017, Military Enhancement and National Security Emphasis

The President recently spoke on his second State of the Nation Address which took place last July 24. There are many topics to discuss ranging from Mining to tackling corruption issues and sorts. And to highlight it out, there is this something that goes side by side with the very focal point to get discussed in this article. That is, with respect to National Security.

Pitz Defense Analysis Note: This analytical piece is something where the issues tackled defines the essence of any actions that affect the way society behaves. So to speak, the first four paragraphs following this note pertains to the simplified emphasis on national security issues like those of Marawi Crisis as well as the primary needs of the Armed Forces to enhance its mandate. A deeper analysis and a collective conclusion on the matter will follow it. To take a note, all references will get highlighted and underlined in yellow with respective links in them both in the statement itself and in the end of this article.

For referencing, please read the full text of his speech in this link here.

ANALYTICAL OVERVIEW A SIMPLIFIED WRITE-UP ON NATIONAL SECURITY

President Duterte addresses before the people. Image source.

President Duterte is once again addressing the entire nation about the achievements and plans that his administration partakes at past, present and for the rest of his term. In this second State of the Nation Address, various issues have tackled, ranging from criminality to illegal mining and tax rate revisions and development. In such a case, there is one factor where it really gives emphasis as for the sake of the peaceful lives of the Filipino People. Eliminating terror threats is one area tackling in terms of national security.

Given the situation in Marawi City, the casualties at both sides are still mounting until at present where given the latest reports from a June 30 Rappler article, there are 82 Government deaths, 39 killed civilians and 317 terrorists eliminated where it may increase as the battle rages on with the government continues to fight in order to control the remaining four barangays in the City which are still under terrorists control. The increasing number of casualties concerns the government, where the President says in the address that it slowly goes unbearable, which means a solution needs to plan so that the government can eliminate threats that hampering the society with lesser collateral damage at stake.

The solution goes through international collaboration considering that terrorism affects not only the Philippines but also the rest of the globe. So speaking, foreign military help such as air-to-ground munitions and surveillance plane flybys from the United States and the Chinese rifles are helpful to combat terror threats at present and for the years to come. Aside from the help mentioned, the President also is keen to eliminate bidding proceedings enacted through Republic Act 9814 regarding buying weaponry to help the military fast-track purchase of equipment for enhancing their capabilities and to thread out anomalies as per presidential speech.

To surmise this up, the government is doing its best so that there will be no other Marawi Crisis in place where terrorists harm more innocent civilians intending to sow fear and hatred across the Philippine Society. Improving military capabilities as well as minimizing collateral damage, are a necessity to help enhance national security, which will lead a path towards a more peaceful and more secured Republic of the Philippines.

IN-DEPTH

Troops and wartime correspondents in the frontline. Source.

In relevance to our article on Urban Warfare with correlation to reports cited via news outlet Rappler and those of Interaksyon, this conflict is perhaps the difficult one for the military to fight to fare upon the stringent planning on taking in Marawi City along with other plans which trigger military raid and eventually, making the whole conflict intensifies from May which with it implements Martial Law.

Given the statistics earlier in the simplified analytical piece above, opposition force casualties, as per its report, is at 317 deaths whereas per this posting will bear higher given the time-to-time updates on the ground. Their huge losses makes it more difficult for these terrorist to move where options such as suicide bombing to be employed in sheer desperation will be imminent and citizens both in Marawi and across Mindanao like Iligan City, Davao City, Zamboanga City etc are in danger given such circumstances where it wreaks more casualties and fear that is already taking place in the main battle zone.

The difficulty of the battlefield and the death of around near a hundred troops is making an urgency and a bit of realization as per the necessity of further enhancing the capabilities of the military ranging from aerial surveillance to additional firepower that will pack a punch against key enemy targets. At present, the United States and the Australians help aid the Armed Forces of the Philippines through the use of P-3C Orion Antisubmarine Warfare planes for aerial surveillance and the Php370 million worth of weapons from China for a bit of firepower.

Such an intensified conflict can also help influence the processes of procurement of military weaponry which the Armed Forces is still gaining various military equipment in each respective projects funded by the Revised Armed Forces of the Philippines Modernization Program Trust Fund which in it aids the whole program and the respective horizons it gets in the aim to have fully capable armed forces in due time somewhere in 2028. One of such considerations is the procurement of drones and planes for aerial surveillance and additional firepower for M-113s, additional 20,000 troops and light tanks, which is slated for second horizon. Add to that is the pleas of streamlining of the procurement process to ensure that the best one will be bought. So speaking, any process from G2G to lowest bidding has its pros and cons where details about it will get discussed in a separate article entry.

Also to consider is the other areas of national security where aside from internal threat posed by Maute-ISIS in Marawi City, Chinese encroachments in the West Philippine Sea is also by nature a threat where the Philippines claims a portion of the disputed sea alongside other claimants such as Malaysia, Vietnam, Brunei, Taiwan, and of course, China itself. Hence, diplomacy between China and the Philippines makes this issue a bit tamed for the meantime wherein it may buy time for the Philippines to improve its own as well as somewhat for a bit, to decrease the likeliness of flash point where, despite all this, China still asserts its policy where they still hold its artificial islands, to no avail.

Given these areas of consideration, it may get found out that the Armed Forces of the Philippines will go benefited from this administration if we consider notwithstanding that such planning will go materialized on according to plan with no obstacles hampering in its way. Hence, Horizon 1 will end this year and Horizon 2 will start by next year where a bulk of projects like Multirole fighters are planning to be purchased. Hence, developments pertaining to it will remain to be seen and worthy to give attention now with a so-called "no-lowest bidder" procurement policy is being eyed upon where if approved, it needs to prove its effectiveness in a promising way that better fruits will come out of the projects that are in the pipeline.

Also, in case we missed regarding the health of injured troops, the administration sets to allocate Php 500 million for the better, sophisticated army hospital which will improve the welfare of the injured ones that in terms of confinement, the facilities will serve these soldiers better which may aided their way to full recovery.

SUMMARY OPINIONS THAT ARE BASED ON FACTS

To take note, a better national security means better safety where
citizens will have nothing to worry about regarding threats.

Giving the emphasis of the president in his speech especially regarding Marawi Crisis, military capabilities and the welfare of the soldiers alongside normal citizens, it goes to the most promising ideas that better things are to come for the Armed Forces of the Philippines to have at present and for the years to come.

Also with that, the consideration regarding lesser casualties, enhancing security mandates and additional numbers of equipment, troops and compensation benefits for those in the front lines, the modernization program is there continuing to roll where some procurements are still materializing and some others awaiting its turn. So speaking, such planning for purchase can still be depend on the hands of the Defense Department where line-ups can get changed with no further notice. There are updates being made from time to time varying on various factors, from exchange rate to the security situation of the country.

It is at the best interest of the public to stay vigilant at all times, especially those in Mindanao amidst the various terror threats that may lurk on its next victim. Henceforth, it is find out that the government is doing its very best where such crisis will never take place soon where with better defense capabilities and enhancing security mandates, the citizens will live free of worries from threats posed by opposition forces which purpose is to disrupt the way of living and to sow fear among the people in which authorities will never let happen.

(c) 2017 PDA. First edition 8-5-2022.

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