The Views On The Admin's Plan to Deploy Ships to Libya for Rescue Ops

Having citizens that ended up as captives abroad is essentially a government obligation to save them out of trouble given that as a country, it is their role to protect and save these people which, regardless of numbers, still part of the nation's population given that they obtain documents and passports coming from their home nation as well as their families looking after them for the needs of coping up with financially-related matters. And, on the recent events entailing about three Filipinos together with a Korean that became a captive in Libya, things went as rational as really is as the Philippine Government made this bold move.

IN THE NEWS

BRP Andres Bonifacio, a Del Pilar-class Frigate participating
in RIMPAC 2018. Courtesy of Defense Visual Information Distribution Service (DVIDS).

In the recent news with regards to the captives related to Overseas Filipino Workers or OFWs, it was reported across media outlets that three Filipino citizens together with a Korean citizen became captives in which, as information provided by Inquirer.net, was held by a month as of this posting by an unknown Libyan militants, west of the country.

This prompts the South Korean warship assigned in anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Eden ROKS Munmu the Great Destroyer to get deployed off the coast of Libya. The said actions of the South Korean Navy also prompted the Philippine Government, especially the President Rodrigo Duterte to deploy also a Philippine Navy Frigate in the area should things on the ground went from bad to worse or for that manner, should the captives get harmed by the militants that handled them. The order of the president was received by the Philippine Navy accordingly, with them preparing to deploy a naval task group that will overlook to the situation. Such idea became a topic across defense platforms where, reactions ranges from a nice, commending move in the part of the administration to a negative reaction that cites technicalities which is definitely, problematic as this manner get discussed on below.

Such actions made by the government exposes several of the shortcomings and the needs that needs to be addressed with regards to the way military assets used over the matter as well as the approaches made and other alternatives in order to resolve the problem. Moreover, it also provides an opportunity where, should be exploited, may help Modernize the Navy where, it is also for the protection of the nation's territorial waters from potential threats both within and outside the country aside from the capabilities that this proposal demands for the fleet.

THE IDEAS AND POINTS

Pitz Defense Analysis Note: The points that will be given are never, in each and every way, political in nature given that the standpoints are provided from logically-based point of view. In each and every way, the government presents itself in a good will that they themselves wanted its citizens abroad to be safe in a way that families back home will have lesser things to worry about. Add to this, the points are provided based on technical inputs with such knowledge thoroughly discussed across defense platforms.

Given the president's decision to deploy a warship on a country far away from the shores of the Philippines, we may say that such action comes out of goodwill coming from the government that is willing to save its citizens from the harm Libyan militants may inflict to the three Filipino captives that was held for a month. No doubt, it is the job of the government to look after its citizens both within the country and abroad to ensure that things are as good as intended. However, such action to deploy a ship abroad comes with risk where, technically speaking, were as not as appealing it is to be.

The Time, Logistics and Resources

Click to Enlarge. Courtesy of Sea Distances.org website.

One may ask: How "not appealing" this proposal may be with regards to rescuing three captives out of trouble if the warship deployment proceed as planned? The answer lies to the distance between two countries and the time it takes for a warship to get there. 

In this manner, we simply provide this sample graph from a sea-distances calculation website where measurements are made between, as provided in the example, a Del Pilar-class frigate will take from Subic Bay to Tripoli, Libya given a cruising speed of 15 knots. The results provided that it will take for the ship atleast 20 days to reach the coastlines of Libya which, which in itself may defeat the essential of time. That is without taking the account of the time required for refueling and the number of ports that a warship will visit in order to get replenished. The government for that matter requires coordination with the countries that is suited for refueling of the said frigate in order to keep it going to its primary objective. So, from that matter, if given this situation, things on the ground may happen or take place throughout the voyaging period such as, freeing up captives which ends the situation or violent end with a bloodbath while the naval task force was still somewhere in the Indian Ocean or near the Red Sea. If such scenario taken place, it will be a waste of precious time and resources on something that is already accomplished where, things is seen as disappointing as the fuel was wasted and time intended for the ship deployed on other places such as the contested West Philippine Sea is also wasted. Take note, the Philippine Navy only obtains three capable frigate to cover its entire territorial waters with the rest composed by old World War 2 vessels that needs replacement. That alone suffices the justification that the frigates are more badly needed in the country than sending it abroad, also taking into the picture the threat provided by China in the contested waters off the west coast of Luzon and Palawan.

Well for sure, the government perhaps may also have other alternatives in mind as well which are far more feasible than this said proposal. If those things are followed, it might as well be the better option to execute rather than getting proceed in this bold and risky move which in any way, both objectives are being pursued and attained.

This is not RIMPAC

If the rescue ops will proceed as usual, this will become the second overseas undertaking of the Philippine Navy after the recently-ended RIMPAC 2018 Exercises in Hawaii where, the fleet deploys the BRP Davao and Sur and BRP Andres Bonifacio in order to participate and further gather essential knowledge needed as the organization modernizes further as part of its Navy Sail Plan.

While the exercises provide the long-range deployment capabilities that the Philippine Navy possesses that made the contingents on the way to Hawaii and back, let us take note that the situation that is transpiring in Libya is not an exercise in the same way as RIMPAC will do. Imagine that the deployed task force may have little or no idea what they are dealing with, with also little or no idea about the terrain that they will encounter once they reached the area. Not to mention that a number of Libyan militants uses sophisticated weapons as a result of a weaker government succeeding the Gadaffi Regime way back 2011/2012. That may include anti-ship missiles coming from the old regime where, it poses threat for a Del Pilar-class Frigate given that it does not obtain any air-defense weaponry aside from the chaffs that is installed in the vessel. Now, once the ship reaches the Libyan coastline, some of the questions now are the following:

- Will it just anchor there while doing minor support to the main South Korean contingent? 

- Will the deployed task force get into shore through RHIBS with the permission of the Libyan Government? 

- Will there be better intel sharing between the parties involved?

- Will they get coordination with their South Korean counterparts that will undertake rescue operations together, given that both nations have no idea about the enemy they are dealing with? 

- Will they do it among themselves, conducting operations in a foreign country that can be seen in various ways as "breaching another nation's sovereignty?" 

Those are mere questions along with other ones that may get answered as time passes by, either directly or indirectly. While it is good to see that a citizen-concerned government especially the president and its cabinet doing their very part to save the captives and returning back to their families in one piece and united knowing they are alive, it is also worthy to know that this operation is crucial as lives are at stake with, as the first point, time of deployment and the cost of operating a ship matters. Not only that, while this is a nice thing to show off the flag, but the fact about the uncertainty about the status of the captives is something that demands immediate action in order not to inflict more harm or any possible problems as the time passes by. It might as well to gather intel shared either from South Koreans or from the Libyan Government itself in order to determine what the next move it will be. This is not an act of negativity, but rather as a pragmatic view of things which there are really other things that may also, in any way, may resolve this problem. Take note once again folks, if somebody says that this is just like RIMPAC, don't believe them, with reasons already stated above.

On the bright side though, this scenario shows the necessity for the navy to buy more Navy ships, especially more capable surface assets on its fleet. While they are aspiring for more submarines which in itself a good deterrent for the country to have, perhaps sticking to the original plans of a better, more capable frigates and corvettes as well may do with supplanted budget where, given the 2% GDP funding proposal for the AFP made by the Magdalo Partylist, these things will be a can-do thing alongside recruiting more personnel, building more facilities, and re-organizing doctrine and command setup.

The Alternatives

Now, here are the alternatives which in itself are better than the proposed ship deployment where not only this is time-convenient, but also cost-efficient with better chances of success with the lesser factor for risk-taking.

One idea is simply to coordinate with respective authorities such as the South Koreans that have shorter time to deploy their warship in the area as well as the Libyan Government themselves. From there, they are the ones that will deal on the situation where, in this sense, the South Koreans cannot afford to have a dead citizen in their hands and for the Libyans, they cannot afford to be condemned once again with the risk of affecting their economy as the investments and foreign workers getting out of the area, citing security concerns. This also comes with them coordinating with the nearest Philippine embassy or consulate in the area, with updates provided and reliable intelligence information exchanging between these parties. 

Another idea is to deploy aircraft such as C-130 aircraft or a chartered civilian flight (which is ideally much less suspicious) from any of the local airlines in the Philippines that may carry troops and materiel to the area with the permission of the Libyan authorities with the purpose of pursuing rescue operations the same way as the proposal of sending a naval task force in the area, which requires an airstrip welcoming them fully. One may say: "What if the said authorities say "no", citing concerns that breaches another nation's sovereignty?" Then the answer depends to which country near Libya that accepts the idea to provide an airstrip for the troops to land which the intention is simply for rescue ops and not to any occupation or invasion matters. 

Another alternative is that they may take a subtle approach with blending within the environment being the main feature so as not to raise suspicion. Despite those things, these alternatives may be seen as a better solution on a time and logistics standpoint where, upon weighing pros and cons, it is still essential to deploy an aircraft and land on an open airport while saving time while taking risk on getting a ship in long distances that takes the essential time and costs away varying on the changing situation on the ground.

These solutions are simply more ideal where it may increase the chances guarantee on the success of the operation without incurring unnecessary measures that will take the thing up. That being said, perhaps there shall be a reconsideration over the matter, so that the government will take up these options in the sense that are more feasible than the proposed warship deployment. And in the case that it pushes through as planned, and may fail depending on uncertainties and unknown circumstances, perhaps it may be nicer to provide more tools for the navy to have such as better, capable surface assets and participate on anti-piracy drills the same way South Korea will do so as to guarantee safety to the Overseas Filipino Workers in the area.

THE BOTTOMLINE

The South Korean Navy deployed this ship, the ROKS Munmu the Great
Destroyer - DDG 976. Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.

While the points are given above with regards to the decision in dealing with the ongoing situation taking place in the other side of the world, it is good to say that being the Commander in Chief, the President simply commanded the Navy to deploy one of its frigates in order to save the captives in an unknown terrain dealing with an unknown enemy.

The bottomline is that, such proposal, although it goes with a nice intention of rescuing captives off from a certain militant, is simply not viable especially given the long period in which, with uncertainty may make or break the primary objective. Add to that, the Philippines, being a archipelagic nation, obtains a naval fleet that is stretched in the distribution of naval assets across the country in which it is the main purpose as to why the Modernization Program is on the roll. The present demands of protecting territorial waters weighs more than the situation taking place abroad which it can resolved in other ways without getting a ship deployed there. To summarize this up, it might be better for the government to address the issue in a way that in the future, they may simply assign a warship or two on anti-piracy operations where, should these things arise, it will be easier for the ships to deploy, on a shorter time period and less cost of fuel involved.

Hence, it might as well for the government to reconsider its actions unless if it in itself is more than willing to take the risk while wasting time and cost on fuel in the process. That being said, only time will tell whether they ended up successful or not or perhaps, whether such plans proceed or not.

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The Things That Give Reason Why PAF Shall Reconsider The Bell 412 Deal

In the light of recent events concerning the nature of arms transactions in the defense industry and also on restrictions that nations impose, these factors influence the way that both the supplier and the end-user decide on the approaches wherein things may find itself beneficial for both sides to reap, with the former garnering additional sales to offset their operational expenses which will profit a business or an industry whilst the latter focuses on enhancing its capabilities which helps uphold its mandate or duties and responsibilities that are primarily more on protecting the citizenry against harm or to provide aid in times of need.

OVERVIEW

Bell 412s where the Philippine Air Force obtains eight of these units.

It is known by nature that in the defense industry, the supplier is looking for interested customers or nations who are willing to invest in their military's capability improvements while the buyer or the user is opting for what is the best military equipment is available on the market at a price capable enough within the appropriated budget while being appropriate to the nature of defense a country needs.

On these primary principles provided, it was taken note on our last written article entitled "Military Hardware Sales vs. Imposed and Planned Arms Restrictions" that a nation like Canada through its government may hamper a defense deal between the state-owned Crown Corporation and the Philippine Government with regards to the sale of Bell 412 combat utility helicopters which are primarily used as a troop carrier and essential supplies both in conflict and peaceful, humanitarian situations. 

These should prompt the Philippine Government to consider other options aside from the Bell 412 since the hampering took place given the consideration that such helicopters are produced by Bell in its Canadian Factory. However, in the midst of the things which may definitely cripple the deal to a halt, some things or factors keep the deal from falling apart. 

To support this idea, an article from Flightglobal provided an insight into how hopeful the main company that produces the helicopters - Bell Textron is in this deal. Those hopes and aspirations is a sign that the Government is still in negotiation with the company to obtain the sales from the deal as well as benefiting the customer in the process.

With these interesting developments taking place between two parties, it seems that the Government is still engaging and opting for the same Bell 412 aircraft where there are some reasons with regards to this deal which may have been shelved or canceled in favor of another alternative should the Philippine-Canadian form of narrative be followed. There are factors in this case where the Philippine Air Force is keen to have these helicopters in its inventory.

THE REASONS

The logo of Bell Helicopters is part of the Textron Company.

As being said in the first place, the end user aims to have the best military equipment in the market as well as the affordable one based on the nature of threats, funding, and other things that are suited best for the buyer or end-user to operate wherein it is effectively doing its capabilities as designed. 

As for the Philippine Air Force or the Armed Forces as the whole, those things may influence the decision, making the Bell 412 favorable as still despite attempts of arms restrictions on the premise of upholding "human rights". So here are the things that keep the deal from falling apart.

1. Logistics - There is a saying coming from French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte about this maxim: "The amateurs discuss tactics; the professionals discuss logistics". That holds true considering that an armed force cannot operate well without the backbone or the supply chain where troop movements, supply movements, and other logistical-related matters are relying on it for ammunition, food, shelter, weaponry, and tools that maintain the weapons. 

In the case of Helicopters like Bell 412, The Philippine Air Force already has several such units in its inventory, all active in service. The deal in itself is beneficial in the sense that this will not burden logistics on spare parts considering that with large numbers of the same type of helicopter, the spares will get compatible across units as well as decreasing the burden of buying it where the end-user will only be after a type of spare that runs similar across the units. 

This goes with reason also so as it is appropriate to have lesser classes of specifically designed units in the inventory so as spare logistics will never be problematic, except if a nation relies on two different suppliers (usually rival nations like the U.S. and Russia) with different doctrine on asset use to prepare for eventualities should one of those countries that supply weapons impose an arms embargo. One notable example is Indonesia where its air force obtains both Western and Eastern-based weapons, especially on its combat fighter jets.

2. Commonality - This factor also plays along with logistics wherein it pertains to the importance of having a supply chain and transfer of goods and spares that there is only a single type of unit without complicating it further into having two or more classes of assets in the inventory. Furthermore, commonality also pertains to the skills and tools which are shareable and operable between units. Like the first one, several of Bell 412 units in the Air Force inventory is helpful especially for aircraft technicians to maintain where similar components can be determined and simply understandable especially in terms of troubleshooting the aircraft for problems. 

Aside from these things, Bell 412s share a relationship with its fellow sibling the Bell UH-1 Huey Helicopters which formed a bulk of the Philippine Air Force's helicopter fleet. This kind of relationship,, especially to the fact that the Air Force operates a lot of UH-1s in its fleet, gives the factor on the decision to retain the Bell 412 deal considering that both the former and the latter share the same attributes where it is produced by the same company with its design related to each other. 

Those things being said, both helicopters share several, if not most of the commonalities wherein the technicians that do the maintenance have a smooth transition on the knowledge about the inner workings of these respective military air assets.

3. Interoperability - Being a helicopter that is designed by a Western-based company with several agencies in various nations, these Bell 412s are helpful with regards to the interoperability measures with other countries that also use the platform where armaments and spares that are worthy compatible may interchange across these platforms that in the process, may simplify cross-training for operations and maintenance especially to the other Combat Utility Helicopters that forms the Huey Family depending on the familiarity on these platforms. 

Take note that variants tend to have different attributes in terms of capability and components ranging from the airframe to the rotors as well as the engines. Albeit those things, the different variants of the Huey Family share the attributes given that it's from the same manufacturer. 

The British Royal Air Force, Indonesian Air Force, and several U.S. Government Agency Components use Bell 412 helicopters in their own respective functions. Add also to the mix the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force (JGSDF) and its desire to have a fleet of Bell 412 helicopters that will be in production by a Japanese company Subaru Corporation. 

Just to add more information, if the Japanese Bell 412s are to be considered, the time period may be long given that the priority for production will be given to the JGSDF. Nevertheless, this is still a welcoming addition, enabling interoperability between the Philippines and Japan.

IN SUMMARY

The Philippine Air Force (PAF) is currently pursuing its goals to become a capable organization wherein, aside from purchasing assets capable of air interdiction and protection of the implementing Philippine Air Defense Identification Zone (PADIZ), they are also pursuing to obtain additional helicopters that are both dedicated attack platforms and combat utility ones intended for close air support and immediate transport of troops in combat and transport of goods in case of natural and man-made calamities.

The Bell 412 helicopters are something for the air force to desire more, given that its already-existing eight (8) units in its inventory are already proving its capabilities alongside its older companion the Bell UH-1 Huey helicopters which consists the mainstay of the PAF transport fleet. 

These Bell 412s, being newer assets, just as the other candidates of the Combat Utility Helicopter Project such as the KUH-1 Surion, are being sought to replace the fleet of Vietnam-era UH-1s in the sense that a newer, better fleet of transport helicopters serves a lot given that the Philippines is an archipelagic nation, vulnerable to natural calamities like typhoons, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes as well as an effort to quell the threat of banditry which endangers the peace and safety of the innocent lives of the citizenry. 

Hence, given the record of the service of UH-1s in its inventory, it might as well be a nice consideration that Bell 412s will replace these older assets where designed by the same company, provides the same reliability and compatibility as the ones it will replace. 

Nevertheless, it is still up in the minds of the higher ranks to decide as to which helicopter platform they may opt to purchase where, logistics, interoperability, and commonality for an efficient and effective force is the aim for better carrying out the mandate of protecting the country and the people.

(c) 2018 PDA, edited and improved 3/30/2021.

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The Philippine Multirole Fighter Jet Procurement Program

As Horizon 2 funding now being approved and other procurements of military assets are in place, this program is one of the highlights for the horizon's list of big-ticket projects intended to bolster the capabilities of the Philippine Air Force further to the point that it can protect the skies once again and implement the Philippine Air Defense Identification Zone (PADIZ) along its way. This program, along with others, aims to have an armed force capable of minimum force deterrence against any domestic and foreign adversaries.

WHAT'S IN THE NEWS

One of the Philippine Air Force candidate for the MRF program -
The JAS-39 Gripen.

Throughout the years, the Philippine Air Force aspires to have many Multirole Fighter Jets in its inventory even it predates way back two decades earlier on the original provisions of the AFP Modernization Program. As of this article's writing, both news outlets the Manila Bulletin and The Philippine Star reported that the Philippine Government with the blessing of President Rodrigo Duterte that this said project is about to get momentum with funding sets to approval where eventually, he approved it and paves the way for the further materialization of projects slated such as these capable flying assets.

Apparently coming from these outlets, they reported that PAF is opted to have 12 units or one squadron based on our preferences of what number of jets is composed within a squadron. Given that these news outlets regarding the platforms, it is composed of six (6) units which make the number of squadrons on the reports up to two. 

Nevertheless, it may come as a piece of good, heart-welcoming news to have where throughout the years, the Philippine Air Force is set to have this big-ticket project materialized in the hopes that this along with FA-50 Lead-in Fighter Trainer Jets will emphasize control over Philippine Airspace. 

Hence, this discussion is set to indulge in the timeline of the program from its first inception on the original AFP Modernization Program up to the present date where, given the timeline, takes up to two decades in which several negotiations, offers, and assessments were made to come up of the compositions of these fighter jets and, the lineup of candidates which will be discussed along the way on this write-up.

THE MRF PROJECT IN THE ORIGINAL AFP MODERNIZATION PROGRAM

The original AFP Modernization Program (R.A. 7898) opts for three
squadrons of MRFs but discontinued as the result of the 1997 Asian
Financial Crisis. Photo: Boeing (McDonnell Douglas) pitches F/A-18
for the Philippine Air Force. From LT. Col Francis Neri via MaxDefense

The idea of the Philippine Air Force plans of obtaining Multirole Fighter jets in its inventory is definitely not the new one. The firsts of such plans coming out in the open dates way back the 1990s as the administration of then-President Fidel Ramos passed the Original AFP Modernization Program or Republic Act 7898.

The number of units should-be obtained from the original program was composed of three (3) squadrons equated to 36 units of these MRFs. As shown in the photograph, McDonnell Douglas (now part of Boeing) pitches to the Philippine Government to bag the F/A-18 fighter jets alongside other candidates such as Lockheed Martin F-16 C/D Block, Dassault Mirage 2000-5, and the Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-29 where it was demonstrated by the newly-democratic Russian Government that was also pitching at that time. 

However, such aspirations that almost went to fruition was simply disappeared as the region plunged in the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis that effectively, affects the Philippine economy which renders the resources wiped out and putting the original AFP Modernization Program at a stall. 

For this reason, the economy takes time to recover and as the change of tenures takes place as one administration takes over the other, this program wasn't materialized up to the point that the Philippine Air Force retires its last of F-5A/Bs in 2005 and beyond. 

It was only in recent times that this topic is being raised again and makes progress starting from the organization coming back to the jet age upon purchasing the Lead-in Fighter Trainer jet (LIFT) FA-50s from South Korea's KAI or Korean Aerospace Industries. 

From there, the aspiration for multirole fighter jets is emphasized given that these LIFT jets serve as an interim platform for primary protection of airspace at present as well as a training platform for pilots before embarking on projects like this. 

It is to have the training of operating and maintaining such aircraft hand-in-hand to the purchase of the airframes themselves, minimizing flight hours which lessens the fatigue for these jets on flying where in turn, lengthens its serviceable life.

Despite all of that, the program that is started in the original Modernization Program and wasn't made a reality that time somewhat provides the foundation in a sense that it shows the sense within the Air Force ranks where the dreams and aspirations of a fully-modernized fleet of aircraft simply do not fade away. With all of the negotiations and assessments made, the time is getting closer that the project will materialize once a go signal is given.

IN THE HORIZON 2 

The Lockheed Martin F-16 Block 70/72 Viper is one of the candidates
of the program alongside SAAB JAS-39 Gripen. Photo Source

As being said earlier, the number of units for multirole fighters slated for this Horizon equates to 12 units which are equivalent to one squadron whereas there will be another 12 units for Horizon 3, which amounted to overall 2 squadrons or 24 units for the whole AFP Modernization Program phase. Hence, in each horizon mentioned, there will be one squadron allocated for funding and procurement.

Apparently, for this program intended for the main multirole fighter jet program of the Philippine Air Force, it comes with two prevailing candidates as of present wherein its respective manufacturers are willing to sell their products as well as to bag the contract.

Add to that the number of additives and sweeteners that may entice the people of the Technical Working Group (TWG) to consider, ranging from after-support to the "real" transfer of technology in which may see the benefit for the Air Force in maintaining the aircraft. 

It is given in the sense that this program looks to be competitive, considering that these main airspace manufacturers provide their respective deals that may seem advantageous in its own worth as both sides aim to claim the Philippine market for these jets. Now, here are the candidates of the Multirole Fighter Jet Project where it will define the capabilities of the Philippine Air Force.

F-16 Block 70/72 Viper

The revelation with regards to this multirole fighter option traces to the post made by another defense page where, as asked by one commenter, the answer is clear that the Philippine Air Force-Technical Working Group (PAF-TWG) wanted brand-new airframes for its Multirole Fighters, and Lockheed Martin is willing to sell it. 

This information provided is somewhat astounding on its own worth provided that the Block 70/72 Viper is the most sophisticated or advanced version of F-16 presently available in the market in which it is still produced in Lockheed Martin's Assembly Lines. 

This should be chosen, will further enhance the capabilities of the Philippine Air Force given that it is equipped with further-advance avionics, active electronically-scanned array or AESA radar and also a compatible platform with the FA-50 LIFT jets the air force obtains at present given that these airframes in the inventory are derived from F-16s which eases the transition of the pilots that were trained in the Lead-in Fighter Trainer Jets. 

Add to these things that F-16V platforms are powered by General Electric F110 engines which is more powerful than the F404s from the same manufacturer that powers the FA-50 jets presently obtains where the former provides more thrust than the latter.

Basic Aircraft Specifications From Lockheed Martin Website.

Length: 49.3 ft / 15.027 m
Height: 16.7 ft / 5.090 m 
Speed: 1,500 mph (Mach 2+) 
Wingspan: 31.0 ft / 9.449 m 
Empty weight: 20,300 lb / 9,207 kg 
Engine thrust class: 29,000 lb / 13,000 kg 
Maximum TOGW: 48,000 lb / 21,772 kg 

Design load factor: 9 g 

Here is the document or PDF File about the F-16 Block 70/72 Viper.

This is the F-16V. This is considered the advanced version of such
jets recently in production with Lockheed Martin. Source

SAAB JAS-39 Gripen Block C/D

Read More: The SAAB Gripen and the Marketing Over Philippine MRF Program.

It is discussed widely from this website and across defense communities that the JAS-39 Gripen from SAAB is currently the top choice for the Philippine Air Force pilots for this project. 

However, unlike the Lockheed Martin that is willing to provide its latest version of F-16s, SAAB is keen to sell its still-producing JAS-39 Gripen Block C/D rather than the latest, developing Block E/F which is for delivery in nations like Brazil and Sweden which is far more expensive to purchase with. 

But, despite these things up, SAAB is still aggressive in its marketing strategies to get the local Philippine MRF market in a sense that, as discussed in the SAAB Gripen article, points to the company set-up of its office in Manila alongside naval offerings as well as getting negotiations on-going for eight to ten years as discussed in SAAB's annual Gripen Seminar dated last May 2018. 

Even though SAAB offers its C/D Block of its Gripen Fighter Jet, the company is reputable on providing sweeteners where in the case of Thailand, the deal includes a SAAB Erieye Airborne Early Warning and Control Aircraft on board a SAAB 340 aircraft, training, and command, and control system with data links alongside a squadron of JAS-39 Gripen. 

It may not be far that SAAB will offer the same thing to the Philippines or it may include other potential sweeteners such as "true transfer of technology", better after-support for logistics, and spare parts chain, among others. 

It might be better for SAAB to offer its latest version of Gripen which is the Block E/F to counter those of LM, but its offer of the earlier and cheaper C/D block plus sweeteners and aggressive marketing in the hopes that its deal may find its way enticing to the Technical Working Group. 

Nevertheless, it is at best the decision of the TWG given that their assessments are for the best of the Armed Forces like the air force in this situation. Call these deals from both SAAB and Lockheed Martin a tough, competitive call to have, because a tough, healthy competition is something for a military branch like the Philippine Air Force to benefit where both suppliers are doing their part to grab and reap the sales that may have come up from the program. 

Although as the multirole fighter program gets the sign that it will proceed, let there be a nice discussion on the existing aircraft in the Air Force that may get treated as Multirole Fighter although it is clear from the very beginning that the organization categorizes it as Lead-in Fighter Trainer jets or LIFT.

Here is the chart with specifications about all variants of JAS-39 Gripen, including both C/D and E/F Blocks. [pdf file]

The aircraft SAAB Offered is something several, if not most PAF
pilots and defense community members admire for the MRF Program.
However, the Technical Working Group's decision is still what matters.

Additional FA-50PH fighters

Since the delivery of a squadron of FA-50PH for the Philippine Air Force from South Korea, there are several calls that an additional squadron or two of these kinds of aircraft shall be purchased instead of multirole fighters given that these Lead-In Fighter Trainers are already capable of its own worth. 

In fact, their multiple news articles that pertain to this proposal. One of those pertains to the recent visit of President Duterte in South Korea where such jets were produced. These jets and their roles as a fighter as well as a trainer was well discussed in our 2016 article entitled: "The Role of FA-50PH as Both Trainer and Light Fighter" where, although it is capable for air interdiction, its capabilities are still in no match to primary Multirole Fighter jets such as the JAS-39 Gripen and F-16s. 

Well, these jets, capability-wise may be considered as "light multirole fighter" that is capable to shoot air-to-air missiles and drop bombs as demonstrated in Marawi Conflict. Nevertheless, its designation in the Philippine Air Force as a Lead-In Fighter Trainer or LIFT definitely states its role in the organization as a staging platform for willing-to-be-trained pilots to enhance their skills on flying such aircraft and for mechanics on maintaining such aircraft before proceeding on the real deal which pertains to the more-capable, purely-designed multirole fighter jets.

IN COMPARISON THE PROS AND CONS

This is to provide comparisons between the candidates given to provide the bigger picture. Note: LM as per posting is offering its
Block 70/72 with specs more advanced than the F-16 Block C/D
depicted in the infographic. Obtained from PAF Air Power Journal entitled
"Multirole Fighters For the Philippine Air Force" by Lt Col Augusto Padua.
Link to the Source

Among the two candidates and one option, each competitor has its own edges in terms of pricing, capabilities, freebies, commonality, logistics, and so on and so forth. These things do really matter given that it will affect the ways maintenance work and operations for future Multirole Fighter jets have done where the capabilities and the mandate of the Philippine Air Force to protect national airspace lies at stake there.

As for the Lockheed Martin F-16 especially that it offers the Latest Block 70/72, they definitely have an edge for logistics considering that many air forces across the world use the F-16 platform of various types, making it viable for several sources in terms of spare parts to keep these birds flying and operational. 

Moreover, their offer also has the greater capability given its more powerful engine which provides more thrust to the jet as well as this platform having its service record in combat as it is used by various air forces like the United States in several combat sorties it made throughout history. Although a bit more expensive as the block C/D JAS-39 Gripen of SAAB, its capabilities and potentials provided are as impressive of its own worth.

So as for the JAS-39 Gripens offered by SAAB which is the C/D Block, it is still ideal on its own worth despite being less capable than the aforementioned competitor given that its engines, the General Electric F-404s are compatible with the assets that are presently in service with the Philippine Air Force which is the FA-50PH from South Korea. 

From there, one may think that it actually minimizes logistical and interoperability issues given that both the maintenance and spare parts for these two different jets are as similar as the type of powerplants these assets are used. However, having such similarities may also mean almost equal capability in terms of thrust with the variance attributed to other factors like payload capacity, airframe design, and in some other ways, purpose. 

The point is that FA-50s are derived from the original KAI T-50 Golden Eagle which is intended to be a Trainer Aircraft. It was only that FA-50s are armed to teeth, capable of carrying both air-to-air and air-to-ground munitions that are deemed essential for the Philippine Air Force as a Lead-In Fighter Trainer aircraft. 

In other words, the offer of SAAB is affordable and compatible should maintenance comes in the story with the only difference is that the product they offer is less costly in operations while providing the capabilities that make it a multirole fighter aircraft. 

For FA-50s, having either SAAB JAS-39 Gripen or LM F-16s for Philippine Air Force's MRF program is beneficial in each respective, mutualistic way. That is, having resemblance with F-16s which is ideal for pilot training to such aircraft while having the same engine with JAS-39s that benefits the supply chain and maintenance matters. 

In each and every way, this competition is a tough one where one in every way, should one candidate be chosen, will provide the air force its intended capabilities while lessening the burden either on those given inputs, one way over the other. To add things further, both of these aircraft offered can be equipped with Link 16 Tactical Data Link (TDL) where both the Lockheed F-16 and the JAS-39 Gripen can be integrated into a secured military communications network in interoperability with the air forces that obtain such networks like those within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO. 

Hence, these things from specifications to sweeteners are for the Technical Working Group (TWG) to assess and determine with the primary aim is to provide the best capabilities on an ideal Multi-role fighter jet for the Philippine Air Force on a worthy investment where this goes to the assurance that the plans of implementing a Philippine Air Defense Identification Zone go on smoothly, in line on the organization's flight plan.

WHAT IS TO BE SEEN

This is to provide details that the candidates for MRF are
really between F-16 Fighting Falcons and JAS-39 Gripen.

As the Horizon 2 budget is now approved, it is worthy to see the procurement process rolling especially in the case of this big-ticket project of the Philippine Air Force where this lies the capability of the organization for more years to come especially in line with its Flight Plan 2028.

This procurement program is competitive in the sense that suppliers are willing to provide the needs of the air force on the slated budget allocated for a squadron of capable air assets. 

For sure, the PAF-TWG is doing its part where doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership and education, personnel, and facilities (DOTMLPF) are being considered alongside assets that the air force, as well as the other branches of the armed forces. 

That means, alongside the fighter jet acquisitions comes the training of the personnel to operate and maintain, updating the doctrine regarding the use of airpower, efficient supply chain, and other relevant things in line with the DOTMLPF process. (Note: this process will be discussed in a separate entry for more elaboration). 

Add to that, having multirole fighter jets not only improves the capabilities of the air force to protect the skies against potential adversaries coming from the air but also may provide the better image of the air force as an organization in which these assets, alongside others, are a symbol of stronger armed forces aimed for minimum credible defense which makes any intruder think for consequences before considering a strike or a conflict.

Hence, the dreams and aspirations for the Air Force alongside the Navy and the Army to be more capable on doing its duties and responsibilities is on its way to fruition wherein the Horizon 2 signifies the importance of deterring both internal and external threats that pose danger to the national security of the country where it put innocent lives of the citizenry at risk. 

This project, along with others, comes with the hope that assessments, negotiations, transactions and the process, in general, will carry on smoothly until the delivery of these assets come by wherein this finally provides the minimum credible the Armed Forces seeks before any formidable threat that endangers peace on the citizenry and the nation's very security.

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What It Really Means to be Patriotic?

A country or a nation composes of citizens that live up their lives looking after their families, their community, and of course, the country itself. And being a citizen comes up with respective duties and responsibilities needed in order to improve and protect the  sovereignty and welfare of the Philippine Republic where in return it benefits all of the citizens of the nation for the efforts given. 

With various issues from Mandatory ROTC to the perceived warmongering attitudes in dealing with the West Philippine Sea disputes, let us dwell and share thoughts with regards to this ever-relevant issue of this time period.

THE PRESENT BRAVADO

Mandatory ROTC goes like this, cadets marching on the field. Photo Source

With the present situation that is brewing up beyond the coastlines of Palawan as well as the number of bravado that it constitutes, a typical civilian may end up yapping on blasting up Chinese outpost to smithereens or somewhat gone disappointed with the Freedom of Navigation Patrols made by foreign navies in the West Philippine Sea. 

To add it further, the primary aim of the Mandatory ROTC which is to make a more patriotic and militarily-disciplined citizens out of Senior High School and College Students is somewhat gone vague in the eyes of those that have undertaken the program where, unlike its voluntary equivalent, may loss all the essence of what it means to defend the country and to have the will of improving self-discipline all because that these things are being enforced by pressure to the students, with its significance gone once graduated except to the very few who is willing to serve the nation.

These things prompts a number of people especially the ones in military service to somewhat convince civilians to join or enlist to the Armed Forces in order to measure the means of being patriotic. 

No doubt on that, given that the sweat and blood of the soldiers are the ones that are given in exchange of the cherished freedom we experience today. However, being patriotic isn't being limited to be in active military service or to endure what Mandatory ROTC is to bring on a student. 

It isn't all about bravado as well simply based on what lies to the surface without barely scratching the details of the way military forces operates, their supply chain, or in other highly-technical matters that a civilian simply have a clue, or not at all.

In fact, the activities that are being made everyday suffice the needs on supporting nationalism or to be patriotic in a sense that what perceives as an insignificant thing or a routine one is actually a driving force for the nation's growth and development where in it supplants the needs of the military in the name of national security. All what it needs for a person to see is a change of perspective when looking on patriotic stance.

Hence, the details below will provide what it means to be patriotic in the sense that a small thing definitely defines the success of the nation as a whole. And to add it up, these things are instilled even in the most basic levels all the way back when we were still kids. At the end of this writeup, the primary aim is to provide knowledge on the things needed with regards of helping the nation on a humble, patriotic way.

WHAT IT SHOULD BE

An Editorial Cartoon of the Manila Times on "Keyboard Warriors"
that thinks that there is no other way to deal the situation but
either to declare war...or not. 

Patriotic leverages are at times being showed up on Social Media where at times, it is being lined up with various agendas on the line. Now, let us discuss on the editorial cartoon made by the Manila Times shown above. 

On the one point of view, it definitely pertains to the ones who are brave online and the ones that prefers conflict without thinking of the consequences it may bring to the nation and its security. On the other hand, it also tells another thing. That is, subduing to the interest of the enemy in order to keep such war from happening and feeling all of its harshest of consequences. How is that so? 

The message of the editorial cartoon limits to two things - to wage war or not. It does not even consider other things such as soft power like diplomatic pressure or putting a stand where there is the will to defend the nation. Nevertheless though, this creation of art definitely sends the message across the ones who are noisy enough in the internet that waging conflicts or blasting their outposts out of the water is the best thing that one can do. But to take note also that things shall not be tantamount to simply giving in to the demands which defeats the essence of sovereignty.

The details above provides the glimpse on how things view with regards on measuring patriotism on a person. This is in a sense that a range of understanding or defining patriotism varies on each individual's take with its general definition which is pertaining to a citizen's loyalty and support for the country and its interest. 

The ones in uniform takes their job as one way to support the nation in a way that their lives are to sacrifice all in the name of peace and security for the motherland they love as well as their family that relies in it. It is of no surprise if a personnel suggests to citizens such as "keyboard warriors" depicted above that drafting to military service is the best way for them to feel what it means to be patriotic, in a harsh, realistic way possible than powerful blasts of firepower that is only seen on video or in photographs. 

Well, on that note, the military people simply gives an idea that war by any sense is a harsh, destructive attrition that all nations prevents from happening especially in heated conflicts like this one considering that conflict is beyond from what is simply firepower and destruction of enemy targets. 

Hence, it is best to understand things more rather than just calling for something that is simply not favorable where there are other ways to resolve things like the contested waters of the West Philippine Sea.

Read: Ways of Promoting Patriotism - The Pitzviews Blogsite

Now, we provided a link to our sister page where it writes about the ways of promoting patriotism in a sense that these are the healthy way to propagate it as well as giving an idea that Patriotism goes in many ways aside from warmongering or implementing a program that is not applicable to all of the youth. 

Hence, to give us an idea, there are small ways to contribute to the nation in a sense where, a citizen can be considered a patriotic person in his or her own ways.

1. Working Functionally

Working in the private company or, better yet, working on a government office is at first glance, a nice thing where contributing on the family's welfare and development is something that every employed member shall do. And there is just more than simply doing routine jobs in every field ranging from the administrative offices to hospitals and military bases. 

Working functionally is in itself a patriotic act where, regardless of being a uniformed personnel or not, a soldier or a professional of respective fields, or simply being a rank and file personnel in the office, each and everyone obtains their respective duties and responsibilities where, albeit its small footprint, is something that contributes to the economic development of the nation as well as addressing respective important matters ranging from food security to welfare of reformed persons in penitentiaries as well as sacrificing blood, time and sweat for the betterment not only of the family, but also of the community, the city, the province and overall, the country. 

This is where that doing the duties and responsibilities is far beyond what is expected, and also beyond the salaries, benefits and job stability offers wherein these in itself are a big plus on the pursuance of a better life as well as for the betterment of the family's welfare and also of the nation in terms of its economy, health, social development, infrastructure and national defense matters.

Hence, being a uniformed personnel, although ideal if one is really willing to sacrifice to the nation he or she loves, is not a prerequisite for everyone to follow especially in terms of measuring patriotism. 

What it means is that, simply by being an everyday civilian working on respective fields like being on a respective, reputable government agency is sufficient enough for the contribution of the country's development where in it benefits the armed forces where each and everyone upholds their duties and responsibilities in a sense that it gives significance of what it means to be a country and its cherished sovereignty.

2. Paying Taxes

This is the primary reason why citizens of the nation at times concerned with regards to the expenditures of the government especially in terms of education, infrastructure, social development, health, and of course, defense. Although that the citizens have a say about things with regards to the government affairs like military and defense-related issues, it is the folks within the ranks or in the technical positions are the ones who know better what is best and what is not. Hence, the best judgement is let these people do their respective jobs well and, should any anomalies comes at hand, a citizen can criticize in a constructive way where the government processes and mechanisms will work the rest.

Now, on the payment itself. It is taken note that the TRAIN LAW takes its toll on the typical citizenry especially on the continuous inflation of primary commodities especially on the ones that have salary smaller than the minimum wage and the ones that are unemployed. 

Well, this is simply one part of the story where the other part pertains to the services that the government is set to materialize. Just recently, the Department of National Defense is set to materialize plans for the Multirole Fighter Program and other plans in the Horizon 2 where, just like any other procurement projects, derived from the people's taxes as well as other sources such as the proceeds from Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA)'s transactions. Now, one will ask that as a taxpayer, the citizen requests that the military shall procure assets that obtains huge firepower that will blast any enemy out of the open. 

That is in case, a simple citizen request where those in the know will help that person understand what it means to procure highly-technical military equipment where specifications, maintenance, after-support and logistics being the highest of considerations over this matter. 

Hence, from there the person will becoming more educated not only about technicalities of the military assets but also on the bureaucratic process that passes on any government transactions, defense-related ones included.

To sum it up, giving taxes is one way to be a patriotic person where any contribution is something that will keep the government operating given that this is one of the primary sources of the government funding required to provide its services as well as to make the military capable of doing its mandated duty to protect the motherland. Adding it further, it is more appropriate to be an informed taxpayer where rather than giving useless ideas that does not fit the story. 

Not only that, being informed also means making constructive opinions that help improve things up as well as getting to know about technicalities which in turn, provides an idealistic thought which in itself a patriotic move on its own.

3. Instilling Discipline and Patriotism -- In Different Ways

Instilling discipline and patriotism is what Mandatory ROTC aspires to aim for the youth of the nation where on that specific age, they are expected to be highly-disciplined (as far as military discipline is concerned) and highly-patriotic that they will know how to love the country in their respective wholeheartedness. 

Although such move is welcoming in some sense, the idea in its entirety is considered unnecessary and non-ideal considering that first, there are other ways of instilling discipline and patriotism and second, not all of those who are part of the curriculum are willing to be active personnel in the armed forces, if not being a reservist in the long run given that respective individuals have their own respective goals in life. 

Moreover, in those things other than being an enlistee, understanding discipline and patriotism in some other way may somewhat inspires the individual to push his or her desire to serve the nation in some other way, given that his or her capabilities is of beneficial use as well as this instills the principle that national sovereignty is something that needs to be cherished and taken care of given that each and everyone's life and freedom lies in it. 

So, one may ask: What are those alternatives by the way? The answer lies in these two things: Home, and School. This means that discipline starts on each and every parent's obligation on taking care of their children in the sense that molding them into helpful citizens of the nation that contributes for the betterment of society is really something if being taught at home alongside etiquette and moral values. 

Patriotism is the role of the teachers at school where, flag ceremonies and retreats are being observed, history lessons and culture being taught and providing the knowledge of how to love the country alongside molding future professionals for national economic development in which this may find helpful as the children become contributors of the better nation. 

Hence, these things, whatever the ways being given, is in each and every way helpful in instilling patriotism and discipline for this nation's citizens to have where in the name of hopes and dreams, inspirations and aspirations, these things are a catalyst of having a better nation composing of citizens that are cherishing and protecting it, and it is better in a way that it comes voluntarily than making it as a measurement or a prerequisite.

TO SUMMARIZE THINGS UP

It is with honor and salutations that we cherish the country that
in some way provides us the goodness in living. Photo from Inquirer

Discipline and Patriotism is something that an individual aspires to have where in each and every way, these things will consequently influence the way they live should these things allow them to do so. Furthermore, every citizen have their respective roles to play where regardless of how big or small the contribution is, these things upon accumulation is something that propels the nation on its intended direction.

What matters here is that, each and every citizen of this nation shall unite with regards of safeguarding the integrity and welfare of the Philippine Sovereignty in its entirety where in terms of economic, health, social, educative and security matters, it is the citizens who will benefit where this matters affect the way of living of each individual in the country where having satisfaction on government services, primary commodities, being safe or life in itself in general is something cherishable for the people.

Therefore, it shall be willingly instill to the citizenry that each and everyone fills in the shoes of making the advocacy, even in simplest of way, to promote nationalistic ways in a sense that it shall be centered to the country and its attributes in general while setting aside political and cultural differences. In this way, better things will be attain on what it means of cherishing the country, its sovereignty and the people who sacrificed blood and sweat for it.

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