The Philippine Air Force's Mil Mi-171 Heavy Lift Helicopter Program In-Detail

The acquisition projects of the Armed Forces of the Philippines usually involve military equipment originally from the West, especially from the United States and several European countries like Poland and Italy, along with established defense partners like South Korea and Israel. Russia is recently gaining attention about this subject matter.

DISCUSSION OVERVIEW

A Mi-171 Helicopter was utilized in operation. Image Source.

The first idea on the Armed Forces of the Philippines' plan on buying Russian hardware started in 2017, at the time when there was the hype that surrounded this idea, especially at that time when Russia docked its warship in the port of Manila, attracting bystanders and enthusiast alike upon seeing an Udaloy-class Destroyer with its crew and fitted weaponry up, close and personal.

It was at this time that the Philippine Air Force still formulating and ironing out ideas for its Horizon 2 lineup in which, along with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, were still in preparation as that Horizon were about to be implemented a year later, having projects in the pipeline ranging from Offshore Patrol Vessels to Multirole Fighters, as well as procuring more Combat Utility Helicopters.

Speaking of Combat Utility Helicopters, there was one candidate for the project which was originated from Russia, which is now similarly the one being pushed for this Philippine Air Force acquisition project, only this time, this was primarily aimed at acquiring heavy-lift helicopters for the air branch of the Philippine Armed Forces which is clearly different from the once-implemented Combat Utility Helicopter Acquisition Project which was won by Poland's PZL Mielec and its S-70i Blackhawk Helicopters.

Now that PZL Mielec being in the process of delivering these Blackhawk Helicopters to the Philippine Air Force, both themselves and the Department of National Defense is now keen on securing this project, even if it came with the risk of getting sanctioned by the United States under CAATSA which will be discussed in detail throughout this article.

In this topic, we will discuss this Russian-made air platform that was developed during the Cold War era, wherein it is still being produced by that country's military-industrial complex, which now has the increased chance to get in the Philippine defense market, showcasing these platforms despite the risk that is associated to the deal and on this acquisition project.

THE ORIGINS OF THE MIL MOSCOW HELICOPTER PLANT

The Mi-17 Hip of the Indonesian Army (Angkatan Darat). Obtained from Sputnik.

The origin of the modern Mi-171 traced from Mi-17, which in itself is derived from Mi-8, built by the Soviet Union in the 1960s, which is basically the time when UH-1s were the thing for the countries that were aligned with the United States, developed, and produced during that time by the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant and Designed Bureau through its partner helicopter production facilities during that time.

About the company, Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant was founded in 1947 by Michael Mil, a Soviet Legendary rotorcraft designer during that time and is the one that produced this known Soviet-era combat utility helicopter design that is still being used across the globe, much like the ones that Bell Helicopters made in the United States still in service like the UH-1 Huey and succeeding variants like the Bell 412 in the Philippine Air Force inventory.

Currently, Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant is part of the infrastructure of the holding company Russian Helicopters, which in turn is part of the Russian state-owned company Rostec, a primary investor for Russian-made defense and military technology, as well as Russian-made high technology advances that will help the country propel its capability further by employing its existing and future designs, research, and development on both military and civilian aspects.

Mil Moscow Helicopter also developed other helicopters aside from the iconic Mi-8/17/171 utility helicopter, which they also made the older designs like the Mil Mi-2, Mi-4, and Mi-6, as well as the equally iconic Mi-24 Hind helicopter gunship and the larger Mi-26 heavy-lift helicopter, in which the two latter platforms are currently in service with the Russian Armed Forces as their rotary logistics platform alongside Mi-8/17.

This company serves as one of the pillars of the Russian military-industrial complex, aside from other Russian aerospace companies like Sukhoi, Mikoyan Gurevich (MiG), Yakovlev, Tupolev, and Ilyushin (all of which are now part of Russia's United Aircraft Corporation), and others like URAL Automotive Plant, Uralvagonzavod, Rubin, and JSC United Shipbuilding Corporation.

DEVELOPMENT FROM MIL-8 TO MIL-171

A Polish Air Force Mil Mi-8 "Hip" Helicopter. Image Source.

In the early 1960s, the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant started to develop and improvise what will be the Mi-8 "Hip" helicopter during that time, replacing the Mil Mi-4 piston-powered helicopter that was developed and produced from 1953, in a bid to improve logistical capabilities over its predecessor by obtaining a more powerful turboshaft engine, as well as obtaining a larger fuselage that can accommodate more than Mi-4 "Hound" helicopter's 14 personnel.

The first prototype of the Mi-8 took its first flight on the 9th of July, 1961, followed by multiple power testing that allowed the developers in Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant to improve its engine composition that can lift the whole helicopter with ease, wherein it took the Helicopter plant five (5) more years until the Mil Mi-8 "Hip" Helicopter finally introduced to the Soviet Air Force in 1967.

Since then, Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant produced thousands of Mil Mi-8 helicopter copies that were then distributed to both military and civilian users all throughout the Soviet Union (of which it is still in service on most of its successor states, including Russia), as well as countries in Eastern Europe that were once part of the Soviet-aligned Warsaw Pact such as Poland (as seen in the image above).

The success of the Mil Mi-8 prompted Mil to further improve the design that was associated with this utility helicopter, resulting in the advanced, multimission variant now designated as Mil Mi-17 "Hip" helicopter, with its primary purpose as being a version of Mil Mi-8 with the export market in mind, expanding the Soviet's defense export market further the Eastern bloc and to countries like India, Indonesia, and China.

The first flight of the Mil Mi-17 "Hip" Helicopter took place in 1975, which took six more years until it was introduced in 1981, which both the Mil Moscow Helicopter Plant and another Soviet aerospace factory, the Kazan Helicopter Plant, produced at around 12,000 copies of the helicopter with multirole configurations and role as a gunship, VIP transport, and search and rescue, aside from its typical logistics/cargo design capability.

From here, multiple variants of Mil Mi-17 "Hip" Helicopter were developed and produced, of which one of those variants is the marketed Mil Mi-171 helicopter that the Philippine Air Force and the Department of National Defense are seeking for its Heavy Lift Helicopter Project, currently produced by Mil, through Kazan and Ulan-Ude helicopter plants.

Like other products, the Mil Mi-171 is still being improved today, with one of the recent developments involve an update to its A3 variant, which is a longer-range version that is designed for the offshore and gas market, with its passenger capacity increased to 24 and its specifications complying with international oil and gas transport standards.

SPECIFICATIONS

The specifications of the Mi-17 Hip Helicopter. Image Source.

Take note that the specifications shown above are for the Mi-17 [Mi-8MT] Hip Helicopter, which is also shared with its other variants like the Mi-171 that the Philippine Air Force is seeking, with the only difference being the engine which the latter was upgraded to the more powerful 2x Klimov TV3-117VMA 2,070shp turboshaft engine (or 2x Klimov TV3-117VM turboshaft engines for the Mi-171Sh), as compared to the 1,950shp Isotov TV3-117MT turboshaft engine.

For it to be a heavy lift helicopter requires a powerful engine, which both the Klimov and the Isotov can deliver at the platform's gross tonnage of 13,000kg, capable of carrying around 5,630kg - 5,900kg, albeit the Klimov turboshaft engine allows the Mi-171 helicopter to fly at greater rates of climb and hover ceilings, adding up to the performance that the helicopter needs, especially for rapid deployment.

It is worth noting that for the Heavy Lift Helicopter Acquisition project, we discussed the possibility of having Chinook Helicopters to the Philippine Air Force, which in itself is a known dedicated cargo/lift helicopter in western militaries like in the United States and the United Kingdom, that can be used as the measurement of specifications and comparisons to fit on this topic and the air branch's procurement program.

The Mil Mi-171 Helicopter has a main rotor diameter of 21.3 meters, whilst Chinook's dual main rotor has a diameter of 18.29 meter, powered by the Klimov TV3-117VMA turboshaft at 2,070shp (with the Mi-171Sh having the option of having the VK-2500 turboshaft engines at 2,700shp) and Lycoming T55 turboshaft engine at 4,777shp, respectively, clearly giving the Chinook its advantage in this category in terms of raw lifting power capability as showcased in its engine output.

Meanwhile, Chinook's fuselage is obviously larger than the Mil Mi-171 helicopter (given its double main rotor configuration), with the former having the carrying capacity of 33 troops (with litter capacity of 24), whilst the latter obtains a carrying capacity of 24 troops and cargo (or 33 troops + 3 crew for the Mi-171Sh), which is augmented further with the maximum sling load capacity of 11,793.40kg (26,000lbs center hook) and 3,000kg (4,000 for the Mi-171Sh), respectively.

In terms of pricing meanwhile, it is clear that Russian military technology and goods, in general, are less expensive than military technology and goods that have originated in the west, making it advantageous to the Department of National Defense, especially from the standpoint of limited budgeting allocations, given the current situation that portions of the annual funding are currently being reverted or realigned to solve the current health crisis that any nation like the Philippines are still facing.

While Chinook is clearly on the advantage in terms of cargo capacity and raw engine power against the Mil Mi-171 helicopter, it is not only the measurement that compels procurement planners in making a decision, as it includes the availability of spare parts, the proportion of the price offer to the package that the supplier provided, and political factors like the potential CAATSA issue and the risk it has to any buyer of Russian military technology.

THE ACQUISITION PROJECT

Specifically, the variant of Mi-171 that the Philippine Air Force is about to have will be
the Mi-171Sh one. From AIN Online.

The Heavy Lift Helicopter Project, while being in the implementation and with the Philippines pursuing this deal with the Russians, the whole acquisition project in itself is not new, since this was also pushed in the original AFP Modernization Program, under R.A. 7898 (alongside other projects inserted under R.A. 10349 like the Multirole Fighter Jets, Frigates, Armored Vehicles, and others), which was not pushed through all thanks to the economic windfalls of the time, an effect after the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis.

Originally under the Horizon 3 phase of the Revised AFP Acquisition Program, it was reported that the Heavy Lift Acquisition Project frontloaded to Horizon 2, making these current deals involving the Russians possible, even though it does not go smoothly without any obstacle, especially with the United States' current implementation of CAATSA or the Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act.

The law, signed by then-President Donald Trump on August 2, 2017, was specifically designed to impose sanctions against North Korea, Iran, and Russia, which made things tricky for countries like the Philippines that has a strong alliance with the United States, to negotiate with the Russians for the Mi-171 helicopters without considering the real consequences this law bear.

Getting around the sanctions imposed by CAATSA is something that the Department of National Defense is working hard for the Philippine Air Force to attain this project, and with that came the delay for the implementation of the project as these institutions seek a third-party financial institution that will help provide resources for this project without getting the wrath of the United States' imposition of sanctions that will inflict harm to the current modernization efforts of the Philippine Armed Forces.

This was the case that is currently happening in Turkey when their government decided to buy Russian-made S-400 surface-to-air missiles, which also affected their defense industry like the Turkish Aerospace Industry or TAI, the company responsible for exporting T-129 "ATAK" dedicated attack helicopters to the Philippine Air Force, which is now on production phase as the United States was said to have provided certification for the export of engines to power these war machines.

The contract amount for the project is slated at Php 12,797,509,932.00, intended to procure 16 units of Mi-171Sh, a military transport variant currently in service with countries like Peru, Croatia, Czech Republic, Ghana, Bangladesh, and Burkina Faso,  with one unit reported as a VIP-configured freebie, said to be the Mi-171A2 VIP helicopter with the Department of Budget and Management said to have released two Special Allotment Release Order (or SARO, one of which is renewed) for the project.

THE MI-171SH HELICOPTER

The Mil Mi-171Sh helicopter is marketed on the Rosoboronexport website. Screenshot.

This helicopter variant is one of many Russian-made military assets that is currently marketed by Rosoboronexport, a key Russian state-owned defense export entity that is included on the list of sanctioned companies and other entities under the United States CAATSA, specified on Section 231(e) Defense and Intelligence Sectors of the Government of the Russian Federation.

This is one of the reasons why the Russians showcased their state-owned shell company "Sovtechnoexport" on the deal involving these Mi-171Sh helicopters, representing on behalf of Rosoboronexport in dealing with the Philippine government in finalizing and securing this contract under the Heavy Lift Helicopter Acquisition Project.

Like the Mi-24 and some variants of the Mi-171, the Mil Mi-171Sh helicopter is also capable of carrying armaments which apparently, was derived from the former with this platform having two stub wings with a total of 12 hardpoints for various weapons such as the Shturm-V or Ataka-V anti-tank missiles and Igla-V air-to-air missiles, pods with 57 mm and 80 mm unguided rockets, and bombs that can only be found and supplied by countries that use such platforms like Russia.

While having those armaments consider as a plus in terms of the Mi-171Sh's capability, the Philippine Air Force and the Department of National Defense stick only on having these units as heavy-lift cargo platform (although it is clearly considered as a medium-lift helicopter), given the obvious reason of having light and dedicated attack helicopters that are either in materialization or already in active service which only makes it redundant, not to mention logistical issues in obtaining those armaments.

With the government still pursuing the deal for the Mi-171 helicopters under the Heavy Lift Helicopter Project, it may only take a matter of time to see these Russian-made air asset on Philippine soil, where it bears the Philippine Air Force insignia, adding to the mix of assets that the 205th Tactical Helicopter Wing will operate that includes Bell UH-1 Huey Helicopters, Bell 412s, and the recently-added Sikorsky S-70i Blackhawks.

IN CONCLUSION

The modernized Mi-171A2 VIP Helicopter, designed for offshore oil and gas operations. Image Source.

The Heavy Lift Helicopter Acquisition Project is one of the procurement programs that the Armed Forces of the Philippines pursued since the original AFP Modernization Program, under RA 7898, which was added again to the recent iteration, under RA 10349, along with other key projects that have aimed to improve the military organization's ever-growing capabilities.

Once delivered, shall it pushed through, it will be the first time that the Philippine Air Force to operate, obtain, repair, and maintain a helicopter platform that was designed and produced from a country like Russia, a country that was and still seen as a key adversary of the United States of America, alongside the ever-growing power of the People's Republic of China that risk shifting the power balance in the Indo-Pacific region.

This development came as the current administration, at the time that this article published, came with a friendlier approach to the Russians aside from the Chinese to the extent that the former's naval ships visited the country, and for some instances, donated its Cold War-era equipment like Kalashnikov assault rifles, steel helmets, and old, Ural utility trucks, with the Mi-171 helicopter being an addition to the list of everything Russian that the Armed Forces of the Philippines currently obtain in its inventory.

With all of this development, the fact remains that CAATSA is real and is actively being implemented by the United States government as part of their foreign policy push, forcing the Russians to set up a state-owned shell company and for the Philippine government, through the Department of National Defense, to look for a third-party financial institution that is willing to take the risk just to fulfill the project.

Nevertheless, it will be interesting as to how both parties will manage to pull the project to completion, all without risking the alliance that the Philippines have with the United States, and in the process, the other military acquisition projects with US-made technologies in it, given that all of these acquisition projects are considered important for the Armed Forces of the Philippines for its minimum credible defense posture.

(c) 2021 PDA.

Share:

Read More

Discussing the BRP Mariano Alvarez (PS-38) and the U.S. Cyclone-class Patrol Vessels

The Philippine Navy operates with its naval vessels serving through the years, with the ships coming from the Offshore Combat Force having discussed here as its large vessels define the branch's current capabilities in terms of operating sophisticated vessels obtained when the Revised AFP Modernization Program was initiated from 2013 up until to the present day.

In this topic, let us discuss a sole vessel of its own class within the Philippine Navy's Littoral Combat Force as the other vessels of its class in the United States Navy were recently retired and have the possibility to be added to their naval inventory shall it pushes through.

OVERVIEW

BRP  Mariano Alvarez (PS-38) docked at the portside. This is the single Cyclone-class vessel that the Philippine Navy currently has in active service. Obtained via DefensePH Forum Website.

Through the years, the Philippine Navy is undertaking a massive transformation to its organizational setup and capabilities as they are making improvements as they based their assessments on the DOTMLPF papers its brilliant personnel came up, with the number of procurement projects, budget proposals, construction of facilities, and recruitment of personnel is underway to sustain their growth in line to the objectives laid under the Revised AFP Modernization Program or the Republic Act. 10349.

It is at this period of growth that warships of both old and new are seen as viable options for the Philippine fleet to take, provided that they fit the mission requirements and other factors that the leadership made based on the DOTMLPF analysis they created, as it bears fruit multiple projects that the organization fully utilize presently, such as the Del Pilar-class Offshore Patrol Vessels and Jose Rizal-class Frigates that were discussed thoroughly on this website.

The ships that were just mentioned usually came in threes or in pairs, by which one can replace or augment together in protecting the country's maritime domain without disruptions, especially if one or more ships have undertaken preventive maintenance schedule or repairs and upgrades that will improve the overall capability of a warship in terms of its sensors and firepower, that is essential in safeguarding the country's territorial integrity such as the one currently taking place in the West Philippine Sea.

In this discussion, we will provide a story about a vessel within the Philippine Navy in which it is a class of its own, at least in its present sense as it actively serves the fleet in its full service as the other ships that comprise the country's naval fleet, and that may change as this single vessel may soon end up having a companion that will surely add the number of ships in its class.

Speaking of numbers, it is not surprising that the Philippine Navy is badly in need of warships, both new and used, as it went to the decommissioning spree where it put its old, Second World War-era vessels to rest without any immediate replacement for them as of this article's posting, with the hopes that the deals they currently materializing will push through eventually and start the required works of replenishing the fleet of renewed gray hulls of various age, size, and shape.

THE BRP MARIANO ALVAREZ (PS-38)

BRP Mariano Alvarez (PS-38) was seen moored alongside a Del Pilar-class Offshore Patrol Vessel.
(c) David's World 2011, obtained via Flickr.

Currently, the BRP Mariano Alvarez (PS-38) serves actively in the Philippine Navy's fleet as a lone class of its own, wherein it was once known as the USS Cyclone (PC-1), which was also the leading ship of its fleet during its service in the United States Navy from 1991 to 2000 until it was acquired by the Philippine Navy in 2004 which still serves its role until today.

The USS Cyclone Coastal Patrol Vessel was laid down June 22, 1991, in Lockport, Louisiana, by Bollinger Machine Yard and Shipyard, a shipbuilder known for building several vessels for the United States Coast Guard like the USCG-154 Sentinel-class Fast-response cutters and USCG-110 Island-class Patrol Boats which are mostly in active service within USCG fleet as of the date this article was published.

From its service life alone, one might say that it served more years in the Philippine Navy than it was with the United States, with its decade-long service with the fleet. Also, the BRP Mariano Alvarez is considered the oldest vessel among its class of ships, in which the Cyclone-class vessels that were decommissioned in the United States Navy are worth getting for the Philippine Navy to supplement the numbers further for its fleet to operate efficiently since they decommissioned older World War 2 era ships recently.

Before newer-built naval combat vessels like the Multipurpose Attack Crafts (MPAC) and the Jose Rizal-class Frigates, the BRP Mariano Alvarez (PS-38) was considered the newest and youngest vessel of its time, which is considered younger than the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels that the Philippine Navy received from the United Kingdom in 1998 and the rest of the fleet which were basically old that time with most of the ships now already decommissioned from service.

Its operational achievements throughout its active service in the Philippine Navy were thoroughly reported and documented in several news outlets, such as this 2012 Sunstar article involving smuggled goods that were confiscated in Zamboanga Sibugay, where the officers and crew of BRP Mariano Alvarez successfully intercepted the questionable vessel, with its crew given the Bronze Cross Medal for the accomplishment.

Its other operational achievements involve multilateral naval exercises such as this 2018 four-day trilateral security exercises, wherein it took place in the City of Zamboanga involving neighboring countries Indonesia with its Tentara Nasional Indonesia - Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL) ship KRI Sura 802, and Malaysia with its Royal Malaysian Navy ship KD Pari, going alongside Philippines' very own BRP Mariano Alvarez PS-38.

With most of its operations described as it took place in Western Mindanao, particularly in Zamboanga City, it goes to show the performance of BRP Mariano Alvarez as a coastal patrol vessel that can deter littoral threats in the sea, especially given the situation that the seas surrounding the area, as well as in the Sulu Sea and Moro Gulf areas came with threats ranging from radical terrorists to economically-destabilizing smugglers that can give relief to larger ships into patrolling areas like the West Philippine Sea.

OTHER CYCLONE-CLASS VESSELS DECOMMISSIONED FROM THE UNITED STATES NAVY

Three Cyclone-class coastal patrol vessels patrolling in the Persian Gulf in 2015.
(c) U.S. Navy Photos, obtained from Wikimedia Commons.

Out of fourteen (14) Cyclone-class patrol vessels that were produced for the United States Navy, one is currently with the Philippine Navy as the BRP Mariano Alvarez, with the remainder being with the United States Navy (USN), with three vessels recently decommissioned from the latter, lowering the number of active ships in the USN further down to 10 units.

The three Cyclone-class patrol vessels that were recently decommissioned from the United States Navy were the USS Zephyr (PC-8), USS Shamal (PC-13), and USS Tornado (PC-14), all of which were based in Mayport, Florida, with the rest still assigned in the Persian Gulf, specifically based in Manama, Bahrain.

These three Cyclone-class patrol vessels aforementioned are considered younger than the BRP Mariano Alvarez PS-38,  as the USS Zephyr (PC-8) was commissioned to the United States Navy a year later than the then-USS Cyclone (PC-1) in 1994, with USS Shamal (PC-13) and USS Tornado (PC-14) originally entered service in 1996 and 2000, respectively. Having these ships may also mean extending their service further, with their performance and maintenance coming in parallel to the BRP Mariano Alvarez (PS-38), which is easier for the Philippine Navy to have from a logistical standpoint.

In the report provided by the Philippine News Agency (PNA), the Philippine Navy chief Vice Admiral Giovanni Carlo Bacordo, the fleet will be glad if they can acquire at least five (5) Cyclone-class coastal patrol vessels from the United States Navy. This means that three newly-decommissioned Cyclone-class vessels are not enough for the fleet to take and still lack at around 2 units more to complete the number, totaling it up to six units overall, lining it up to the rule of three principles.

The acquisition of at least five (5) Cyclone-class coastal patrol vessels from the United States Navy may still depend on the assessments of the fleet's Joint Visual Inspection (JVI) team that will determine the feasibility and condition of the decommissioned vessels to their extent of wear and tear during its service with the United States Navy before it is considered good to be acquired and to be turned over to the Philippine Navy for littoral security use.

Given the extent of operations that Cyclone-class vessels served during their active duty in the United States Navy, it will not be 100% that such vessels will be transferred to the Philippine Navy as some units may end up as sold for scrap or as a vessel on another navy that also sees interest into having these ships (even though the Philippine Navy has the great advantage due to BRP Mariano Alvarez's service in its fleet).

These newly-decommissioned vessels are something that the Philippine Navy direly needs as their fleet needs additional vessels that will add the number of active warships securing the country's long coastline, along with the territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone waters that surround the Philippine Republic.

SPECIFICATIONS

Click the image above to enlarge and see the details. Source.

The length and beam of the ship shown above are typical for a coastal patrol vessel, coming at around 51.62 meters and 7.62 meters, respectively. Its size, comparatively, is larger than the newer Parola-class Multirole Response Vessels that the Philippine Coast Guard currently obtains. 

Meanwhile, the vessels are roughly smaller than the World War 2-built Malvar-class Corvettes the Philippine Navy aims to decommission throughout the duration of the Revised AFP Modernization Program, which is from 2013 to 2028, obtaining its own length and beam of 56.2 meters and 10 meters, respectively.

Its propulsion system came with a Valenta 16CM Diesel Engine made by Paxman (which is now a subsidiary of MAN Energy Solutions-UK), with a rating of 3350 bhp @ 1500 engine rpm, and it came with 4 units per vessel, in which it can operate at the maximum speed of 35 knots. 

The maximum speed it can operate suffices enough at its size,  between the 25 knots provided by larger vessels like the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels and Jose Rizal-class Frigates (albeit this also the cruising speed allowable for the Cyclone-class Coastal Patrol Vessels), and the approximately 40 knots provided by smaller vessels like the Multipurpose Attack Crafts currently employed by the Philippine Navy and Fast Attack Interdiction Crafts-Missile (FAIC-M), in which Israel Shipyard's Shaldag Mk. V is the primary contender in the project.

Regarding its superstructure material, meanwhile, it is interesting to know that it was built with 5086 Aluminum Alloy, long before Aluminum-built concepts came into discussions in Philippine Defense such as the Philippine Coast Guard's fully Aluminum-built BRP Gabriela Silang OPV-8301, which its current largest vessel to date, and Austal's participation to the Philippine Navy OPV project (although it will be steel-based construction with aluminum superstructure, which is their first one).

Having a capacity of carrying 39 personnel (including 30 crew) and only having 10 days of endurance, the patrol vessels are designed as intended on its function as a littoral security asset, limited near coastlines and territorial seas like the Sulu Sea area, in which with the added numbers that the Philippine Navy desires to have will relief better, capable ships that are required to do offshore security missions such as in the West Philippine Sea.

Summarizing the specifications as provided, the Cyclone-class coastal patrol vessels like the BRP Mariano Alvarez (PS-38) is just sufficient as it is designed to do, with adding similarly-capable vessels surely add the capability of the Philippine Navy in terms of dedicated coastal patrol assets, as the allocation of resources allow other vessels to be designated somewhere else, given the country's vast maritime domain that needs to be secured and covered.

KNOWING BOLLINGER SHIPYARDS

Fisheries research vessel NOAA OREGON II (R 322) in Miss Darby drydock at Bollinger Shipyard, Louisiana.
Image Source - Reddit.

This article will not be complete without understanding the shipbuilder behind the construction of the Cyclone-class coastal patrol vessels, which is a known contractor of different maritime agencies in the United States that looks in creating and maintaining small and capable ships of different agencies, from the United States Navy to the United States Coast Guard, down to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or NOAA (as seen above).

The company currently operates 14 shipyards, with 42 dry docks at its disposal, which are all essential to its operations as a repair and maintenance contractor, as well as a notable shipbuilder that produces small and medium vessels for different agencies of the United States government and eventually trickling down to the other users of different countries like the Philippines through its naval force.

Its beginnings started in 1946 when the shipyard was founded by Donald G. Bollinger in Lockford, Louisiana, the place where the Cyclone-class Coastal Patrol Vessels were built, and also where their business started by building barges and work vessels, as well as fishing vessels intended for small players at that time and also in-part thanks to the oilfield boom in their area that time.

It was not until 1971 that the company expanded its operations throughout the state of Louisiana,  by which they took a decade more until 1984 when they first won the contract with the United States Government for the construction of the 34 meter-long Island Class cutters for the United States Coast Guard, which it paved the way for more contracts from the government which included the vessels that may find its way to the Philippine Navy.

The company is still in operations today, receiving contracts from the United States government in producing newer ships for different government agencies like the United States Navy and Coast Guard, and in the repair and maintenance of ships that upkeeps the seaworthiness of vessels that helps the company keeping its profitability projections in check, and in enhancing their skills and reputation further as a known U.S. shipbuilder.

WHAT REMAINS TO BE SEEN

The Philippine Navy badly needs additional vessels that will help protect its maritime domains, particularly at the borders that came with multiple threats from local radical terrorists that endanger lives and peace situations in the south and the ever-capable regional adversary creeping in the western seaboard.

The planned acquisition of newly-decommissioned Cyclone-class Patrol Vessels from the United States Navy is just seen as one of the plans that the service branch sees in improving its capability, along with other projects that involve the purchase of submarines, corvettes, landing platform docks, and offshore patrol vessels.

This decision to go after these newly-decommissioned coastal patrol vessels is a logical one, especially with the Philippine Navy's current operating vessel, the BRP General Mariano Alvarez (PS-38), belonged to this same class of vessels that were decommissioned and is currently the sole country outside the United States that operates such type of vessel in its fleet.

The experiences that the Philippine Navy has in operating BRP General Mariano Alvarez (PS-38) served as an advantage for the country shall it pursue the acquisition of other Cyclone-class coastal patrol vessels, especially that it will relieve other better-capable vessels that it will be defending and securing other maritime areas of the country such as the Philippine (Benham) Rise and the West Philippine Sea.

All that is left is to let the time tell the outcome of this plan, especially in the idea of buying these decommissioned vessels, as the process of acquiring military assets usually come with uncertainty, with factors ranging from the country's economic performance to the government's taxation collection efforts play a role on how things will prefer to the implementation of the project.

Nevertheless, just as with other projects, this idea comes with hopes and aspirations that the Philippine Navy, along with the rest of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, will eventually modernize with its capabilities satisfied, personnel quota met, and military projects for weapons acquisition and facility building accomplished, all to obtain a minimum credible defense posture by the year 2028.

(c) 2021 PDA.

Share:

Read More

Knowing the Philippine Navy's Jacinto-class Offshore Patrol Vessels

The Philippine Navy of today gets a bit more modernized than ever as it keeps on receiving more sophisticated and ever-capable vessels on its fleet which is something that is not available on its other vessels in existence before 2010 by which its fitted weaponry onboard comes with the obsolescence in time. 

The acquisition of this class of warship though was considered the significant first step for this military branch of the Philippine Armed Forces which comes at a necessity where it introduces new skillsets that may go handful with the number of ships that are getting commissioned to the fleet in the upcoming years.

OVERVIEW

Navy sailors embarking to the lead ship of its class the BRP
Emilio Jacinto PS-35. Image Courtesy to the Philippine Navy

Currently, the primary focus of the Philippine Navy is with the recruitment of additional personnel to man up the ships and sustain the operations of the naval forces, improving and enhancing its doctrine, training, facilities, reorganization, and other stuff that are usually discussed on multiple Philippine defense sites including this one especially in terms of purchasing multiple military assets that will improve and enhance the fleet's capabilities to uphold its mandate.

Some of the recent purchases of the naval component of the Armed Forces of the Philippines includes the Pohang-class Corvette BRP Conrado Yap, Jose Rizal-class Frigates, Offshore Patrol Vessels which are to be done in a deal with Austal, Corvettes, and Submarines, in which these prospective vessels for procurement are something that the Navy sees as a need for ensuring the security of the country's vast waters and its long coastline.

While these developments are a significant accomplishment that will help push the Philippine Navy to its greater capability, here comes a vessel which was purchased two decades ago wherein it comes with its own set of stories that came with it as it serves the fleet, the lessons it provides for the crew in terms of skillsets that may, later on, be a handful for the future personnel which will man the newer vessels of the fleet, and the capabilities it provides along the way.

Let it be known that it is considered the most capable vessel for the fleet at the turn of the century, as it comes with the highly understandable fact that the composition during those times consist of old, World War 2 vessels of which several are still in service today and needs replacement like the aforementioned projects in the process.

It is worth knowing more about these ships as these platforms play a factor that may set a foundation for a modernized Philippine Navy that is currently experienced along with the overall efforts of the Armed Forces for its Modernization efforts that have come with the idea for the Minimum Credible Defense Posture that deals both internal and external threats for better national security.

THE PEACOCK-CLASS OFFSHORE PATROL VESSEL

The ships serve within the British Royal Navy before its
transfer to the Philippine Navy after the turnover of
Hong Kong in 1998. Image Source.

The service of the Jacinto-class Offshore Patrol Vessels started as vessels serving the British Armed Forces through its Royal Navy as it patrolled what was once considered as a crown colony in Asia-Pacific which is definitely the City of Hong Kong, a place which is currently an Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China - the one that does all of the incursion and provocations in the West Philippine Sea.

It was produced in 1981 as ordered by the British Royal Navy to the Hall Russell Shipbuilding Company in Aberdeen, Scotland wherein they built five hulls, naming the Peacock (lead ship of the class), Plover, Starling, Swallow, and Swift wherein it was meant primarily to be deployed to Hong Kong as a replacement to the older Ton-class Minesweeper that was produced three decades ago way back 1950s. 

From its production, the ships are gallantly protecting the Far Eastern Colony of Hong Kong which was then under the slowly-fading British Empire with two of the ships - HMS Swallow and HMS Swift getting transferred to the Irish Navy in 1988 as the Ciara and Orla, respectively with the remaining ships continuously doing its job until they hand over the country to the Chinese and the rest is history - with three vessels transferred to the Philippine Navy.

Its design goes sufficient to its function as a patrol vessel protecting a small territory in the Far East, by which it helped patrol the country's archipelagic waters later on as it fully augments the older vessels that the Philippine Navy obtained at that time as time gets by for the fleet to get more sophisticated vessels along the way.

Hence, its introduction to the naval component of the Armed Forces is something that serves as a stepping stone for the fleet's eventual modernization, later on, as its operation comes with challenges ahead with the sophistication of its guns creating problems with its function until things get figured out later on.

THE WARSHIPS SERVICING THE FLEET

BRP Apolinario Mabini (PS-36). Image obtained from
Offshore Combat Force Facebook Page.

Currently, three warships are serving in the Philippine Navy fleet under this class, continuously in active duty, and is in line with the rule of three in which one unit is preparing for its operations at sea, another unit is available for maritime operations, and a final unit returning from its active operations which it will undergo maintenance and repairs, preparing for its another set of duties.

The Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels are composed of the following ships - the BRP Emilio Jacinto (PS-35), BRP Apolinario Mabini (PS-36, as seen in the image above), and the BRP Artemio Ricarte (PS-37), all of which were from the British Royal Navy's Peacock-class warships that were once assigned in Hong Kong as a patrol squadron protecting the city before the 1997 turnover.

The BRP Emilio Jacinto (PS-35) is currently the lead ship of its class, wherein it was formerly known as the HMS Peacock (P239) in which was also the lead ship of its class that was launched in 1982 and commissioned in 1983 for the British Royal Navy, served 14 years in the Hong Kong Squadron until it was turned over to the Philippine Navy on August 4, 1997, and serve the fleet since then until the present day.

Just like the lead ship, the BRP Apolinario Mabini (PS-36) and the BRP Artemio Ricarte (PS-37) also served the British Royal Navy as part of the Hong Kong Squadron, known as the HMS Plover (P240) and HMS Starling (P241), launched in 1983 and commissioned in 1984 until it was decommissioned in 1997 (totaling 13 years in RN service), which in turn it was transferred to the Philippine Navy and serves at full capacity to this day.

From there, these three ships served most of their active duty in the Philippine Navy in which since 1997, each of the vessels served 24 years in the fleet, living through the periods when the fleet was composed of old, World War 2 vessels, up to the day this article published in which at this time, wherein the fleet now composed of modern vessels like the Jose Rizal-class Frigates, with the said old vessels mostly decommissioned.

SPECIFICATIONS

The ex Peacock-class OPV Specifications. Click to enlarge.

The ship's dimension, speed, and range suffice the needs back then for the requirement of having an Offshore Patrol Vessel in the fleet that serves as an augmentation to the old World War 2 vessels wherein several of such vessels are being put out from service recently as newer vessels are about to enter the fleet on the upcoming months or years.

Add to the mix regarding the weapons fit that these vessels obtain which at that time may be considered as a transformative development to the capabilities of the Philippine Navy as it departed from purely mechanical-operated weapons subcomponents to a bit modern one through the 76mm main guns that the Emilio Jacinto-class obtains, in which it will be proven beneficial upon the arrival of more modern warships in the Philippine Navy such as the Del Pilar-class Offshore Patrol Vessels and eventually, the Jose Rizal-class Frigates.

With regards to its dimensions, its length of 62.2 meters and the beam of 10 meters do suffice at the time it entered the Philippine Navy service as most of its vessels were consist primarily of small vessels or vessels that at par to its sizes such as the Rizal-class corvettes which were once the 67.41-meter long (221.2 ft) Auk-class minesweepers, with only the BRP Rajah Humabon being the largest combat warship of the Philippine fleet at the time at 93 meters (or 306 feet) long overall and 11.23 meter wide (36.10 feet beam), aside from large Landing Ship Tanks or LSTs in which, as the bulk of the fleet, were old and derived from the Second World War.

Future warships of the Philippine Navy like the soon-to-have Offshore Patrol Vessels will come as larger and more capable than these ex Peacock-class patrol vessels made by the British, with both types of warships augmenting each other in securing the wide seas that surround the Philippine archipelago against maritime threats that endangers the country's sovereignty and national interest.

To take some note, the Jacinto-class Offshore Patrol Vessels are considered younger than the ex-Hamilton-class cutters that the Philippine Navy currently operates (Del Pilar-class Offshore Patrol Vessels), and as nearly as young as the Pohang-class vessel that the fleet also operates with BRP Conrado Yap (PS-39) produced in 1986, two years after the last Peacock-class was launched in the drydock.

THE UPGRADES

The original upgrade plan for the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels as screengrab in a
DRP Facebook Group Page thread. Image reference.

Just like any other vessels within a naval fleet, an upgrade introduced in a warship will specifically increase its overall firepower and capability of eliminating seaborne targets, reinforcing further the required security and protection that the country requires in deterring any threats that an opposition force or OPFOR, in case a war will be started in the seas that threaten the country's sovereignty and its citizen's way of living.

As seen on a screengrab above as shared by the members of the Defense of the Republic of the Philippines Facebook Group, it has known that the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels can accommodate the short-range type of missiles, reminiscent of the SPIKE-ER now currently fitted onboard the MPAC Mk. 3s that the Philippine Navy now obtains, although these British made-ships came with concerns about top load as described above.

With the original plan scrapped, it seemed that the plans for upgrading these warships will just end there. As it turned out, the plans for the upgrade of these Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels still push through. Even though that it came in a different configuration than those subcomponents depicted and provided in the original upgrade plan wherein the process came with different phases such as in Phases 1, 3A, and 3B, all of which deal with sustainment, restoration, and upgrade of all vessels of the Jacinto-class in terms primarily to its firepower capabilities, and to keep these vessels in upright shape to operate.

To summarize the phases mentioned as it was linked to other defense pages that already discussed it in detail, it was taken note that Phase 1 of the project was bagged by QinetiQ Security and Defense Contractors based in Farnborough, Hampshire in the United Kingdom, wherein they provided an MSI Defence DS-25 Seahawk A1 RCWS with M242 25mm Bushmaster Naval Gun, alongside other components which primarily consist of different kinds of sensors and navigational systems. Meanwhile, Both the Phase 3A and 3B of the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessel came with different vendors, with the Phase 3A bagged by Ultra Electronics Ltd for the upgrade of BRP Apolinario Mabini (PS-36) and BRP Artemio Ricarte (PS-37), and Phase 3B bagged by a joint venture between Propmech and the Swedish-based Saab AB in which both winning bidders of these two phases provided sophisticated sensors, navigational equipment, repair of weapons such as the 76mm Oto Melara main gun, and in the case of BRP Emilio Jacinto (PS-35), a fully-capable and proper Combat Management System like the SAAB 9LV CMS. 

Having the Saab 9LV CMS on board BRP Emilio Jacinto (PS-35) makes it the second Combat Management System that the Philippine Navy operates, alongside Hanwha System's Naval Shield ICMS that is installed onboard the Jose Rizal-class Frigates.

Given the information provided, we have witnessed the progress of the vessel's upgrades, both planned and implemented, in which the materialized phases assured the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessel's continuity of its active service within the Philippine Navy, keeping and upholding its capabilities as part of the mandated duties and responsibilities of its crew that upholds national security through maritime means for the years to come.

SUMMARY

The Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels has served two navies and still operating actively as part of the Philippine Navy's Offshore Combat Force as it plays the role of securing the country's territorial and Exclusive Economic Zone waters in which it received multiple upgrades and maintenance-related perks throughout its serviceable life within the fleet.

For most of its first 14 years in service, these formerly Peacock-class Offshore Patrol Vessels were considered the prestige and influence of the British in its Far Eastern colony of Hong Kong, after all of its other colonies in the region declared their respective independence from this major European power that has influenced their society throughout the 18th, 19th, and the first half of the 20th Century.

As the old millennium draws to a close, the British Empire decided to end its influence in the region by returning the City of Hong Kong back to the Chinese government in July of 1997, rendering the retirement of the British Royal Navy's once-endeared protectors of the city known as the Peacock-class Offshore Patrol Vessels in which it was turned over to both the Philippine Navy and the Irish Naval Service.

Since then, the Philippine Navy received three ships of such type from the British, in which it was considered one of the sophisticated vessels that the fleet received at the time of its entry, especially when it was the first one that is fitted with 76mm Oto Melara Guns which eventually helped the fleet improve its skillsets required in attaining additional assets that are bigger and more complex than the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels.

Currently, with the upgrades received in terms of armaments, sensors, and navigational equipment, the Jacinto-class Patrol Vessels are expected to serve actively in the Philippine Navy's Offshore Combat Force for the years to come, as the whole Armed Forces of the Philippines is still working to have better-equipped, more credible, fully modernized military with a minimum credible defense posture set until the year 2028.

(c) 2021 PDA.

Share:

Read More